Clinical Features and Management of Cartilage-Hair Hypoplasia: A Narrative Review
Context: Cartilage-hair hypoplasia is a rare hereditary cause of short stature. The aim of this study was to familiarize physicians with this rare but important disease. Evidence Acquisition: This article is a narrative review of the scientific literature to inform about clinical features and manag...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences
2015-01-01
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| Series: | Journal of Pediatrics Review |
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| Online Access: | http://jpr.mazums.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-30-24&slc_lang=en&sid=1 |
| _version_ | 1819051099910307840 |
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| author | Kobra Shiasi Arani |
| author_facet | Kobra Shiasi Arani |
| author_sort | Kobra Shiasi Arani |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Context: Cartilage-hair hypoplasia is a rare hereditary cause of short stature. The aim of this study was to familiarize physicians with this rare but important disease.
Evidence Acquisition: This article is a narrative review of the scientific literature to inform about clinical features and management of Cartilage-hair hypoplasia. A systematic search identified 127 papers include original and review articles and case reports.
Results: Cartilage-Hair Hypoplasia characterized by short-limb dwarfism associated with metaphyseal chondrodysplasia. The inheritance is autosomal recessive. Other findings include hair hypoplasia, anemia, immunodeficiency, propensity to infections, gastrointestinal disorders (Hirschsprung disease, anal stenosis, esophageal atresia and malabsorption), defective spermatogenesis, increased risk of malignancies and higher rate of mortality. Immunodeficiency in cartilage-hair hypoplasia may be an isolated B-cell or isolated T-cell immunodeficiency or combined B and T-cell immunodeficiency; however, severe combined immunodeficiency is rare. There is no known treatment for hair hypoplasia. Growth hormone was used with conflicting results for short stature in children with Cartilage-hair hypoplasia. Skeletal problems must be managed with physiotherapy and appropriate orthopedic interventions. Hirschsprung disease, anal stenosis and esophageal atresia should be surgically corrected. Patients with severe hypoplastic anemia require repeated transfusions. Bone marrow transplantation may be required for patients with severe combined immunodeficiency or severe persistent hypoplastic anemia. Treatment with G-CSF is useful for neutropenia. Patients should be monitored closely for developing malignancy such as skin neoplasms, lymphomas and leukemias.
Conclusions: Cartilage-hair hypoplasia is an important hereditary disease with different medical aspects. The high rate of consanguineous marriages in Iran necessitates considering CHH in any child with severe short stature or other clinical features of disorder. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-21T11:58:34Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-4ede94901316450d8abfcabe7b29eb8a |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2322-4398 2322-4401 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-21T11:58:34Z |
| publishDate | 2015-01-01 |
| publisher | Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Pediatrics Review |
| spelling | doaj.art-4ede94901316450d8abfcabe7b29eb8a2022-12-21T19:04:53ZengMazandaran University of Medical SciencesJournal of Pediatrics Review2322-43982322-44012015-01-013100Clinical Features and Management of Cartilage-Hair Hypoplasia: A Narrative ReviewKobra Shiasi Arani0 Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Disorders, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, IR Iran Context: Cartilage-hair hypoplasia is a rare hereditary cause of short stature. The aim of this study was to familiarize physicians with this rare but important disease. Evidence Acquisition: This article is a narrative review of the scientific literature to inform about clinical features and management of Cartilage-hair hypoplasia. A systematic search identified 127 papers include original and review articles and case reports. Results: Cartilage-Hair Hypoplasia characterized by short-limb dwarfism associated with metaphyseal chondrodysplasia. The inheritance is autosomal recessive. Other findings include hair hypoplasia, anemia, immunodeficiency, propensity to infections, gastrointestinal disorders (Hirschsprung disease, anal stenosis, esophageal atresia and malabsorption), defective spermatogenesis, increased risk of malignancies and higher rate of mortality. Immunodeficiency in cartilage-hair hypoplasia may be an isolated B-cell or isolated T-cell immunodeficiency or combined B and T-cell immunodeficiency; however, severe combined immunodeficiency is rare. There is no known treatment for hair hypoplasia. Growth hormone was used with conflicting results for short stature in children with Cartilage-hair hypoplasia. Skeletal problems must be managed with physiotherapy and appropriate orthopedic interventions. Hirschsprung disease, anal stenosis and esophageal atresia should be surgically corrected. Patients with severe hypoplastic anemia require repeated transfusions. Bone marrow transplantation may be required for patients with severe combined immunodeficiency or severe persistent hypoplastic anemia. Treatment with G-CSF is useful for neutropenia. Patients should be monitored closely for developing malignancy such as skin neoplasms, lymphomas and leukemias. Conclusions: Cartilage-hair hypoplasia is an important hereditary disease with different medical aspects. The high rate of consanguineous marriages in Iran necessitates considering CHH in any child with severe short stature or other clinical features of disorder.http://jpr.mazums.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-30-24&slc_lang=en&sid=1Cartilage Hair HypoplasiaHirschsprung DiseaseImmunologic Deficiency SyndromesOsteochondrodysplasias |
| spellingShingle | Kobra Shiasi Arani Clinical Features and Management of Cartilage-Hair Hypoplasia: A Narrative Review Journal of Pediatrics Review Cartilage Hair Hypoplasia Hirschsprung Disease Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes Osteochondrodysplasias |
| title | Clinical Features and Management of Cartilage-Hair Hypoplasia: A Narrative Review |
| title_full | Clinical Features and Management of Cartilage-Hair Hypoplasia: A Narrative Review |
| title_fullStr | Clinical Features and Management of Cartilage-Hair Hypoplasia: A Narrative Review |
| title_full_unstemmed | Clinical Features and Management of Cartilage-Hair Hypoplasia: A Narrative Review |
| title_short | Clinical Features and Management of Cartilage-Hair Hypoplasia: A Narrative Review |
| title_sort | clinical features and management of cartilage hair hypoplasia a narrative review |
| topic | Cartilage Hair Hypoplasia Hirschsprung Disease Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes Osteochondrodysplasias |
| url | http://jpr.mazums.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-30-24&slc_lang=en&sid=1 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT kobrashiasiarani clinicalfeaturesandmanagementofcartilagehairhypoplasiaanarrativereview |