Evaluation of Gold Complexes to Address Bacterial Resistance, Quorum Sensing, Biofilm Formation, and Their Antiviral Properties against Bacteriophages
The worldwide increase in antibiotic resistance poses a significant challenge, and researchers are diligently seeking new drugs to combat infections and prevent bacterial pathogens from developing resistance. Gold (I and III) complexes are suitable for this purpose. In this study, we tested four gol...
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| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-10-01
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| Series: | Toxics |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2305-6304/11/11/879 |
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| author | Ana Marques Sónia A. C. Carabineiro Manuel Aureliano Leonor Faleiro |
| author_facet | Ana Marques Sónia A. C. Carabineiro Manuel Aureliano Leonor Faleiro |
| author_sort | Ana Marques |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The worldwide increase in antibiotic resistance poses a significant challenge, and researchers are diligently seeking new drugs to combat infections and prevent bacterial pathogens from developing resistance. Gold (I and III) complexes are suitable for this purpose. In this study, we tested four gold (I and III) complexes, (<b>1</b>) chlorotrimethylphosphine gold(I); (<b>2</b>) chlorotriphenylphosphine gold(I); (<b>3</b>) dichloro(2-pyridinecarboxylate) gold (III); and (<b>4</b>) 1,3-bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)imidazole-2-ylidene gold(I) chloride, for their antibacterial, antibiofilm, antiviral, and anti-quorum sensing activities. Results reveal that <b>1</b> significantly inhibits <i>Escherichia coli</i> DSM 1077 and <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> ATCC 6538, while <b>2</b>, <b>3</b>, and <b>4</b> only inhibit <i>S. aureus</i> ATCC 6538. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of <b>1</b> for <i>S. aureus</i> ATCC 6538 is 0.59 μg/mL (1.91 μM), and for methicillin-resistant <i>S. aureus</i> strains MRSA 12 and MRSA 15, it is 1.16 μg/mL (3.75 μM). For <i>E. coli</i> DSM 1077 (Gram-negative), the MIC is 4.63 μg/mL (15 μM), and for multi-resistant <i>E. coli</i> I731940778-1, it is 9.25 μg/mL (30 μM). Complex <b>1</b> also disrupts biofilm formation in <i>E. coli</i> and <i>S. aureus</i> after 6 h or 24 h exposure. Moreover, <b>1</b> and 2 inhibit the replication of two enterobacteria phages. Anti-quorum sensing potential still requires further clarification. These findings highlight the potential of gold complexes as effective agents to combat bacterial and viral infections. |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2305-6304 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T16:24:29Z |
| publishDate | 2023-10-01 |
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| spelling | doaj.art-4ee24da77d014e5a87928a28cdbae0e92023-11-24T15:09:13ZengMDPI AGToxics2305-63042023-10-01111187910.3390/toxics11110879Evaluation of Gold Complexes to Address Bacterial Resistance, Quorum Sensing, Biofilm Formation, and Their Antiviral Properties against BacteriophagesAna Marques0Sónia A. C. Carabineiro1Manuel Aureliano2Leonor Faleiro3Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, PortugalLAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, PortugalFaculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, PortugalFaculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, PortugalThe worldwide increase in antibiotic resistance poses a significant challenge, and researchers are diligently seeking new drugs to combat infections and prevent bacterial pathogens from developing resistance. Gold (I and III) complexes are suitable for this purpose. In this study, we tested four gold (I and III) complexes, (<b>1</b>) chlorotrimethylphosphine gold(I); (<b>2</b>) chlorotriphenylphosphine gold(I); (<b>3</b>) dichloro(2-pyridinecarboxylate) gold (III); and (<b>4</b>) 1,3-bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)imidazole-2-ylidene gold(I) chloride, for their antibacterial, antibiofilm, antiviral, and anti-quorum sensing activities. Results reveal that <b>1</b> significantly inhibits <i>Escherichia coli</i> DSM 1077 and <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> ATCC 6538, while <b>2</b>, <b>3</b>, and <b>4</b> only inhibit <i>S. aureus</i> ATCC 6538. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of <b>1</b> for <i>S. aureus</i> ATCC 6538 is 0.59 μg/mL (1.91 μM), and for methicillin-resistant <i>S. aureus</i> strains MRSA 12 and MRSA 15, it is 1.16 μg/mL (3.75 μM). For <i>E. coli</i> DSM 1077 (Gram-negative), the MIC is 4.63 μg/mL (15 μM), and for multi-resistant <i>E. coli</i> I731940778-1, it is 9.25 μg/mL (30 μM). Complex <b>1</b> also disrupts biofilm formation in <i>E. coli</i> and <i>S. aureus</i> after 6 h or 24 h exposure. Moreover, <b>1</b> and 2 inhibit the replication of two enterobacteria phages. Anti-quorum sensing potential still requires further clarification. These findings highlight the potential of gold complexes as effective agents to combat bacterial and viral infections.https://www.mdpi.com/2305-6304/11/11/879gold complexeschlorotrimethylphosphinegold (I)chlorotriphenylphosphinegold (I)dichloro (2-pyridinecarboxylate) Au (III)1,3-bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl) imidazole-2-ylidene Au(I) chlorideantibacterial |
| spellingShingle | Ana Marques Sónia A. C. Carabineiro Manuel Aureliano Leonor Faleiro Evaluation of Gold Complexes to Address Bacterial Resistance, Quorum Sensing, Biofilm Formation, and Their Antiviral Properties against Bacteriophages Toxics gold complexes chlorotrimethylphosphinegold (I) chlorotriphenylphosphinegold (I) dichloro (2-pyridinecarboxylate) Au (III) 1,3-bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl) imidazole-2-ylidene Au(I) chloride antibacterial |
| title | Evaluation of Gold Complexes to Address Bacterial Resistance, Quorum Sensing, Biofilm Formation, and Their Antiviral Properties against Bacteriophages |
| title_full | Evaluation of Gold Complexes to Address Bacterial Resistance, Quorum Sensing, Biofilm Formation, and Their Antiviral Properties against Bacteriophages |
| title_fullStr | Evaluation of Gold Complexes to Address Bacterial Resistance, Quorum Sensing, Biofilm Formation, and Their Antiviral Properties against Bacteriophages |
| title_full_unstemmed | Evaluation of Gold Complexes to Address Bacterial Resistance, Quorum Sensing, Biofilm Formation, and Their Antiviral Properties against Bacteriophages |
| title_short | Evaluation of Gold Complexes to Address Bacterial Resistance, Quorum Sensing, Biofilm Formation, and Their Antiviral Properties against Bacteriophages |
| title_sort | evaluation of gold complexes to address bacterial resistance quorum sensing biofilm formation and their antiviral properties against bacteriophages |
| topic | gold complexes chlorotrimethylphosphinegold (I) chlorotriphenylphosphinegold (I) dichloro (2-pyridinecarboxylate) Au (III) 1,3-bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl) imidazole-2-ylidene Au(I) chloride antibacterial |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2305-6304/11/11/879 |
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