Comparing the Toxicological Responses of Pulmonary Air–Liquid Interface Models upon Exposure to Differentially Treated Carbon Fibers
In recent years, the use of carbon fibers (CFs) in various sectors of industry has been increasing. Despite the similarity of CF degradation products to other toxicologically relevant materials such as asbestos fibers and carbon nanotubes, a detailed toxicological evaluation of this class of materia...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-01-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/3/1927 |
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| author | Alexandra Friesen Susanne Fritsch-Decker Sonja Mülhopt Caroline Quarz Jonathan Mahl Werner Baumann Manuela Hauser Manuela Wexler Christoph Schlager Bastian Gutmann Tobias Krebs Ann-Kathrin Goßmann Frederik Weis Matthias Hufnagel Dieter Stapf Andrea Hartwig Carsten Weiss |
| author_facet | Alexandra Friesen Susanne Fritsch-Decker Sonja Mülhopt Caroline Quarz Jonathan Mahl Werner Baumann Manuela Hauser Manuela Wexler Christoph Schlager Bastian Gutmann Tobias Krebs Ann-Kathrin Goßmann Frederik Weis Matthias Hufnagel Dieter Stapf Andrea Hartwig Carsten Weiss |
| author_sort | Alexandra Friesen |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In recent years, the use of carbon fibers (CFs) in various sectors of industry has been increasing. Despite the similarity of CF degradation products to other toxicologically relevant materials such as asbestos fibers and carbon nanotubes, a detailed toxicological evaluation of this class of material has yet to be performed. In this work, we exposed advanced air–liquid interface cell culture models of the human lung to CF. To simulate different stresses applied to CF throughout their life cycle, they were either mechanically (mCF) or thermo-mechanically pre-treated (tmCF). Different aspects of inhalation toxicity as well as their possible time-dependency were monitored. mCFs were found to induce a moderate inflammatory response, whereas tmCF elicited stronger inflammatory as well as apoptotic effects. Furthermore, thermal treatment changed the surface properties of the CF resulting in a presumed adhesion of the cells to the fiber fragments and subsequent cell loss. Triple-cultures encompassing epithelial, macrophage, and fibroblast cells stood out with an exceptionally high inflammatory response. Only a weak genotoxic effect was detected in the form of DNA strand breaks in mono- and co-cultures, with triple-cultures presenting a possible secondary genotoxicity. This work establishes CF fragments as a potentially harmful material and emphasizes the necessity of further toxicological assessment of existing and upcoming advanced CF-containing materials. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T09:42:44Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-4efb89b5a7f04694bd2a0830fe013cc5 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1661-6596 1422-0067 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T09:42:44Z |
| publishDate | 2023-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-4efb89b5a7f04694bd2a0830fe013cc52023-11-16T16:49:47ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672023-01-01243192710.3390/ijms24031927Comparing the Toxicological Responses of Pulmonary Air–Liquid Interface Models upon Exposure to Differentially Treated Carbon FibersAlexandra Friesen0Susanne Fritsch-Decker1Sonja Mülhopt2Caroline Quarz3Jonathan Mahl4Werner Baumann5Manuela Hauser6Manuela Wexler7Christoph Schlager8Bastian Gutmann9Tobias Krebs10Ann-Kathrin Goßmann11Frederik Weis12Matthias Hufnagel13Dieter Stapf14Andrea Hartwig15Carsten Weiss16Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Applied Biosciences, Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, 76131 Karlsruhe, GermanyKarlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Biological and Chemical Systems, Biological Information Processing, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, GermanyKarlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Technical Chemistry, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, GermanyKarlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Applied Biosciences, Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, 76131 Karlsruhe, GermanyKarlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Technical Chemistry, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, GermanyKarlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Technical Chemistry, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, GermanyKarlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Technical Chemistry, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, GermanyKarlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Technical Chemistry, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, GermanyVitrocell Systems GmbH, 79183 Waldkirch, GermanyVitrocell Systems GmbH, 79183 Waldkirch, GermanyVitrocell Systems GmbH, 79183 Waldkirch, GermanyPalas GmbH, 76229 Karlsruhe, GermanyPalas GmbH, 76229 Karlsruhe, GermanyKarlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Applied Biosciences, Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, 76131 Karlsruhe, GermanyKarlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Technical Chemistry, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, GermanyKarlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Applied Biosciences, Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, 76131 Karlsruhe, GermanyKarlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Biological and Chemical Systems, Biological Information Processing, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, GermanyIn recent years, the use of carbon fibers (CFs) in various sectors of industry has been increasing. Despite the similarity of CF degradation products to other toxicologically relevant materials such as asbestos fibers and carbon nanotubes, a detailed toxicological evaluation of this class of material has yet to be performed. In this work, we exposed advanced air–liquid interface cell culture models of the human lung to CF. To simulate different stresses applied to CF throughout their life cycle, they were either mechanically (mCF) or thermo-mechanically pre-treated (tmCF). Different aspects of inhalation toxicity as well as their possible time-dependency were monitored. mCFs were found to induce a moderate inflammatory response, whereas tmCF elicited stronger inflammatory as well as apoptotic effects. Furthermore, thermal treatment changed the surface properties of the CF resulting in a presumed adhesion of the cells to the fiber fragments and subsequent cell loss. Triple-cultures encompassing epithelial, macrophage, and fibroblast cells stood out with an exceptionally high inflammatory response. Only a weak genotoxic effect was detected in the form of DNA strand breaks in mono- and co-cultures, with triple-cultures presenting a possible secondary genotoxicity. This work establishes CF fragments as a potentially harmful material and emphasizes the necessity of further toxicological assessment of existing and upcoming advanced CF-containing materials.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/3/1927carbon fiberpulmonary toxicityair–liquid interfaceco-culturetriple-cultureinflammation |
| spellingShingle | Alexandra Friesen Susanne Fritsch-Decker Sonja Mülhopt Caroline Quarz Jonathan Mahl Werner Baumann Manuela Hauser Manuela Wexler Christoph Schlager Bastian Gutmann Tobias Krebs Ann-Kathrin Goßmann Frederik Weis Matthias Hufnagel Dieter Stapf Andrea Hartwig Carsten Weiss Comparing the Toxicological Responses of Pulmonary Air–Liquid Interface Models upon Exposure to Differentially Treated Carbon Fibers International Journal of Molecular Sciences carbon fiber pulmonary toxicity air–liquid interface co-culture triple-culture inflammation |
| title | Comparing the Toxicological Responses of Pulmonary Air–Liquid Interface Models upon Exposure to Differentially Treated Carbon Fibers |
| title_full | Comparing the Toxicological Responses of Pulmonary Air–Liquid Interface Models upon Exposure to Differentially Treated Carbon Fibers |
| title_fullStr | Comparing the Toxicological Responses of Pulmonary Air–Liquid Interface Models upon Exposure to Differentially Treated Carbon Fibers |
| title_full_unstemmed | Comparing the Toxicological Responses of Pulmonary Air–Liquid Interface Models upon Exposure to Differentially Treated Carbon Fibers |
| title_short | Comparing the Toxicological Responses of Pulmonary Air–Liquid Interface Models upon Exposure to Differentially Treated Carbon Fibers |
| title_sort | comparing the toxicological responses of pulmonary air liquid interface models upon exposure to differentially treated carbon fibers |
| topic | carbon fiber pulmonary toxicity air–liquid interface co-culture triple-culture inflammation |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/3/1927 |
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