Analysis of Droplet Transfer and Arc Swing in “TIG + AC” Twin-Wire Cross Arc Additive Manufacturing
Twin-wire and arc additive manufacturing (T-WAAM) has potential advantages in improving deposition efficiency and manufacturing functionally graded materials (FGMs), thus attracting much attention. However, there are few studies on the droplet transfer mode of T-WAAM. This paper analyzes the droplet...
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MDPI AG
2022-12-01
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| Series: | Metals |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4701/13/1/63 |
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| author | Xueping Song Zhuoxuan Li Jiankang Huang Ding Fan Shurong Yu |
| author_facet | Xueping Song Zhuoxuan Li Jiankang Huang Ding Fan Shurong Yu |
| author_sort | Xueping Song |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Twin-wire and arc additive manufacturing (T-WAAM) has potential advantages in improving deposition efficiency and manufacturing functionally graded materials (FGMs), thus attracting much attention. However, there are few studies on the droplet transfer mode of T-WAAM. This paper analyzes the droplet transfer mode and arc swing in the “TIG + AC” twin-wire cross-arc additive manufacturing by in-situ observation with high-speed photography, revealing what factors influence the T-WAAM on deposition shaping the quality and what are the key mechanisms for process stability. Experiments show that with the main arc current provided by TIG 100 A and the twin-wire AC arc current 10 A, three different droplet transfer modes, namely the “free transfer + free transfer, bridge transfer + free transfer, bridge transfer + bridge transfer,” can be observed with the twin wires under different feeding speeds. The corresponding deposition and arc swing are quite different in quality. Through comparative analysis, it is found that the frequent extinguishment and ignition of the arc between electrode wires is the main factor for the instability in the additive manufacturing process. The “bridge transfer + free transfer” mode can obtain a large arc swing angle and a stable deposition, in which the cross arc has a significant stirring effect on the molten pool, and the deposition shape is well-made. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T11:42:24Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-4efc683eea8d43be9d1a0a578d7cfe57 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2075-4701 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T11:42:24Z |
| publishDate | 2022-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Metals |
| spelling | doaj.art-4efc683eea8d43be9d1a0a578d7cfe572023-11-30T23:30:13ZengMDPI AGMetals2075-47012022-12-011316310.3390/met13010063Analysis of Droplet Transfer and Arc Swing in “TIG + AC” Twin-Wire Cross Arc Additive ManufacturingXueping Song0Zhuoxuan Li1Jiankang Huang2Ding Fan3Shurong Yu4State Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing and Recycling of Non-ferrous Metals, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing and Recycling of Non-ferrous Metals, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing and Recycling of Non-ferrous Metals, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, ChinaMaterials Science and Engineering College, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, ChinaMechanical and Electrical College, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, ChinaTwin-wire and arc additive manufacturing (T-WAAM) has potential advantages in improving deposition efficiency and manufacturing functionally graded materials (FGMs), thus attracting much attention. However, there are few studies on the droplet transfer mode of T-WAAM. This paper analyzes the droplet transfer mode and arc swing in the “TIG + AC” twin-wire cross-arc additive manufacturing by in-situ observation with high-speed photography, revealing what factors influence the T-WAAM on deposition shaping the quality and what are the key mechanisms for process stability. Experiments show that with the main arc current provided by TIG 100 A and the twin-wire AC arc current 10 A, three different droplet transfer modes, namely the “free transfer + free transfer, bridge transfer + free transfer, bridge transfer + bridge transfer,” can be observed with the twin wires under different feeding speeds. The corresponding deposition and arc swing are quite different in quality. Through comparative analysis, it is found that the frequent extinguishment and ignition of the arc between electrode wires is the main factor for the instability in the additive manufacturing process. The “bridge transfer + free transfer” mode can obtain a large arc swing angle and a stable deposition, in which the cross arc has a significant stirring effect on the molten pool, and the deposition shape is well-made.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4701/13/1/63T-WAAMcross arcdroplet transferarc swing |
| spellingShingle | Xueping Song Zhuoxuan Li Jiankang Huang Ding Fan Shurong Yu Analysis of Droplet Transfer and Arc Swing in “TIG + AC” Twin-Wire Cross Arc Additive Manufacturing Metals T-WAAM cross arc droplet transfer arc swing |
| title | Analysis of Droplet Transfer and Arc Swing in “TIG + AC” Twin-Wire Cross Arc Additive Manufacturing |
| title_full | Analysis of Droplet Transfer and Arc Swing in “TIG + AC” Twin-Wire Cross Arc Additive Manufacturing |
| title_fullStr | Analysis of Droplet Transfer and Arc Swing in “TIG + AC” Twin-Wire Cross Arc Additive Manufacturing |
| title_full_unstemmed | Analysis of Droplet Transfer and Arc Swing in “TIG + AC” Twin-Wire Cross Arc Additive Manufacturing |
| title_short | Analysis of Droplet Transfer and Arc Swing in “TIG + AC” Twin-Wire Cross Arc Additive Manufacturing |
| title_sort | analysis of droplet transfer and arc swing in tig ac twin wire cross arc additive manufacturing |
| topic | T-WAAM cross arc droplet transfer arc swing |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4701/13/1/63 |
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