<i>Cronobacter</i> Species in the Built Food Production Environment: A Review on Persistence, Pathogenicity, Regulation and Detection Methods
The powdered formula market is large and growing, with sales and manufacturing increasing by 120% between 2012 and 2021. With this growing market, there must come an increasing emphasis on maintaining a high standard of hygiene to ensure a safe product. In particular, <i>Cronobacter</i>...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2023-05-01
|
| Series: | Microorganisms |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/11/6/1379 |
| _version_ | 1797593435367014400 |
|---|---|
| author | Zeinab Ebrahimzadeh Mousavi Kevin Hunt Leonard Koolman Francis Butler Séamus Fanning |
| author_facet | Zeinab Ebrahimzadeh Mousavi Kevin Hunt Leonard Koolman Francis Butler Séamus Fanning |
| author_sort | Zeinab Ebrahimzadeh Mousavi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The powdered formula market is large and growing, with sales and manufacturing increasing by 120% between 2012 and 2021. With this growing market, there must come an increasing emphasis on maintaining a high standard of hygiene to ensure a safe product. In particular, <i>Cronobacter</i> species pose a risk to public health through their potential to cause severe illness in susceptible infants who consume contaminated powdered infant formula (PIF). Assessment of this risk is dependent on determining prevalence in PIF-producing factories, which can be challenging to measure with the heterogeneity observed in the design of built process facilities. There is also a potential risk of bacterial growth occurring during rehydration, given the observed persistence of <i>Cronobacter</i> in desiccated conditions. In addition, novel detection methods are emerging to effectively track and monitor <i>Cronobacter</i> species across the food chain. This review will explore the different vehicles that lead to <i>Cronobacter</i> species’ environmental persistence in the food production environment, as well as their pathogenicity, detection methods and the regulatory framework surrounding PIF manufacturing that ensures a safe product for the global consumer. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T02:08:10Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-4efdc2958d6749649463fcc20293e6f4 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-2607 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T02:08:10Z |
| publishDate | 2023-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Microorganisms |
| spelling | doaj.art-4efdc2958d6749649463fcc20293e6f42023-11-18T11:41:06ZengMDPI AGMicroorganisms2076-26072023-05-01116137910.3390/microorganisms11061379<i>Cronobacter</i> Species in the Built Food Production Environment: A Review on Persistence, Pathogenicity, Regulation and Detection MethodsZeinab Ebrahimzadeh Mousavi0Kevin Hunt1Leonard Koolman2Francis Butler3Séamus Fanning4UCD-Centre for Food Safety, School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, D04 V1W8 Dublin, IrelandSchool of Biosystems and Food Engineering, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, D04 V1W8 Dublin, IrelandUCD-Centre for Food Safety, School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, D04 V1W8 Dublin, IrelandSchool of Biosystems and Food Engineering, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, D04 V1W8 Dublin, IrelandUCD-Centre for Food Safety, School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, D04 V1W8 Dublin, IrelandThe powdered formula market is large and growing, with sales and manufacturing increasing by 120% between 2012 and 2021. With this growing market, there must come an increasing emphasis on maintaining a high standard of hygiene to ensure a safe product. In particular, <i>Cronobacter</i> species pose a risk to public health through their potential to cause severe illness in susceptible infants who consume contaminated powdered infant formula (PIF). Assessment of this risk is dependent on determining prevalence in PIF-producing factories, which can be challenging to measure with the heterogeneity observed in the design of built process facilities. There is also a potential risk of bacterial growth occurring during rehydration, given the observed persistence of <i>Cronobacter</i> in desiccated conditions. In addition, novel detection methods are emerging to effectively track and monitor <i>Cronobacter</i> species across the food chain. This review will explore the different vehicles that lead to <i>Cronobacter</i> species’ environmental persistence in the food production environment, as well as their pathogenicity, detection methods and the regulatory framework surrounding PIF manufacturing that ensures a safe product for the global consumer.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/11/6/1379<i>Cronobacter</i>powdered infant formulapersistencerisk assessmentregulationdetection |
| spellingShingle | Zeinab Ebrahimzadeh Mousavi Kevin Hunt Leonard Koolman Francis Butler Séamus Fanning <i>Cronobacter</i> Species in the Built Food Production Environment: A Review on Persistence, Pathogenicity, Regulation and Detection Methods Microorganisms <i>Cronobacter</i> powdered infant formula persistence risk assessment regulation detection |
| title | <i>Cronobacter</i> Species in the Built Food Production Environment: A Review on Persistence, Pathogenicity, Regulation and Detection Methods |
| title_full | <i>Cronobacter</i> Species in the Built Food Production Environment: A Review on Persistence, Pathogenicity, Regulation and Detection Methods |
| title_fullStr | <i>Cronobacter</i> Species in the Built Food Production Environment: A Review on Persistence, Pathogenicity, Regulation and Detection Methods |
| title_full_unstemmed | <i>Cronobacter</i> Species in the Built Food Production Environment: A Review on Persistence, Pathogenicity, Regulation and Detection Methods |
| title_short | <i>Cronobacter</i> Species in the Built Food Production Environment: A Review on Persistence, Pathogenicity, Regulation and Detection Methods |
| title_sort | i cronobacter i species in the built food production environment a review on persistence pathogenicity regulation and detection methods |
| topic | <i>Cronobacter</i> powdered infant formula persistence risk assessment regulation detection |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/11/6/1379 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT zeinabebrahimzadehmousavi icronobacterispeciesinthebuiltfoodproductionenvironmentareviewonpersistencepathogenicityregulationanddetectionmethods AT kevinhunt icronobacterispeciesinthebuiltfoodproductionenvironmentareviewonpersistencepathogenicityregulationanddetectionmethods AT leonardkoolman icronobacterispeciesinthebuiltfoodproductionenvironmentareviewonpersistencepathogenicityregulationanddetectionmethods AT francisbutler icronobacterispeciesinthebuiltfoodproductionenvironmentareviewonpersistencepathogenicityregulationanddetectionmethods AT seamusfanning icronobacterispeciesinthebuiltfoodproductionenvironmentareviewonpersistencepathogenicityregulationanddetectionmethods |