| Summary: | Refractory macular hole(MH)mainly includes large MH, high myopia MH, persistent MH, recurrent MH, and traumatic MH. Compared with ordinary MH, the closure rate in patients with refractory MH through conventional vitrectomy combined with internal limiting membrane(ILM)peeling is greatly reduced. Currently, the ILM flap technique has gradually been applied for the treatment of refractory MH and achieved higher MH closure rate and better visual function recovery. The ILM flap technique has many variations, including the difference of size, shape, number, and method in which the flaps put on the MH, but each has its own advantages, disadvantages and application limitations. So far, there is no recognized standard procedure for the treatment of refractory MH. This paper reviewed the surgical methods and therapeutic effects of ILM flap technique appeared in domestic and foreign literature, which is aimed to provide a reference for the selection of clinical procedures for refractory MH by new ILM flap technique needs to be explored in the future.
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