Green Synthesized Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Based on <i>Cestrum diurnum</i> L. of Potential Antiviral Activity against Human Corona 229-E Virus
SARS-CoV-2 has caused more than 596 million infections and 6 million fatalities globally. Looking for urgent medication for prevention, treatment, and rehabilitation is obligatory. Plant extracts and green synthesized nanoparticles have numerous biological activities, including antiviral activity. H...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-12-01
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| Series: | Molecules |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/28/1/266 |
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| author | Ibrahim N. Alrabayah Seham S. Elhawary Zeinab A. Kandil Essam M. Abd El-Kadder Yasmine S. Moemen Abdulrahman M. Saleh Mohamed A. El Raey |
| author_facet | Ibrahim N. Alrabayah Seham S. Elhawary Zeinab A. Kandil Essam M. Abd El-Kadder Yasmine S. Moemen Abdulrahman M. Saleh Mohamed A. El Raey |
| author_sort | Ibrahim N. Alrabayah |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | SARS-CoV-2 has caused more than 596 million infections and 6 million fatalities globally. Looking for urgent medication for prevention, treatment, and rehabilitation is obligatory. Plant extracts and green synthesized nanoparticles have numerous biological activities, including antiviral activity. HPLC analysis of <i>C. dirnum</i> L. leaf extract showed that catechin, ferulic acid, chlorogenic acid, and syringic acid were the most major compounds, with concentrations of 1425.16, 1004.68, 207.46, and 158.95 µg/g, respectively. Zinc nanoparticles were biosynthesized using zinc acetate and <i>C. dirnum</i> extract. TEM analysis revealed that the particle size of ZnO-NPs varied between 3.406 and 4.857 nm. An XRD study showed the existence of hexagonal crystals of ZnO-NPs with an average size of 12.11 nm. Both ZnO-NPs (IC<sub>50</sub> = 7.01 and CC<sub>50</sub> = 145.77) and <i>C. dirnum</i> L. extract (IC<sub>50</sub> = 61.15 and CC<sub>50</sub> = 145.87 µg/mL) showed antiviral activity against HCOV-229E, but their combination (IC<sub>50</sub> = 2.41 and CC<sub>50</sub> = 179.23) showed higher activity than both. Molecular docking was used to investigate the affinity of some metabolites against the HCOV-229E main protease. Chlorogenic acid, solanidine, and catchin showed high affinity (−7.13, −6.95, and −6.52), compared to the ligand MDP (−5.66 Kcal/mol). <i>Cestrum dinurum</i> extract and ZnO-NPs combination should be subjected to further studies to be used as an antiviral drug. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T09:44:35Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-4f0569b9294b4e7e951a203824ece7a3 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1420-3049 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T09:44:35Z |
| publishDate | 2022-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Molecules |
| spelling | doaj.art-4f0569b9294b4e7e951a203824ece7a32023-12-02T00:41:49ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492022-12-0128126610.3390/molecules28010266Green Synthesized Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Based on <i>Cestrum diurnum</i> L. of Potential Antiviral Activity against Human Corona 229-E VirusIbrahim N. Alrabayah0Seham S. Elhawary1Zeinab A. Kandil2Essam M. Abd El-Kadder3Yasmine S. Moemen4Abdulrahman M. Saleh5Mohamed A. El Raey6Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Giza 11562, EgyptPharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Giza 11562, EgyptPharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Giza 11562, EgyptTrees Research Department, Horticulture Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Giza 12619, EgyptClinical Pathology Department, National Liver Institute, Menoufia University, Menoufia 32511, EgyptPharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry & Drug Design Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo 71524, EgyptPhytochemistry and Plant Systematics, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo 12622, EgyptSARS-CoV-2 has caused more than 596 million infections and 6 million fatalities globally. Looking for urgent medication for prevention, treatment, and rehabilitation is obligatory. Plant extracts and green synthesized nanoparticles have numerous biological activities, including antiviral activity. HPLC analysis of <i>C. dirnum</i> L. leaf extract showed that catechin, ferulic acid, chlorogenic acid, and syringic acid were the most major compounds, with concentrations of 1425.16, 1004.68, 207.46, and 158.95 µg/g, respectively. Zinc nanoparticles were biosynthesized using zinc acetate and <i>C. dirnum</i> extract. TEM analysis revealed that the particle size of ZnO-NPs varied between 3.406 and 4.857 nm. An XRD study showed the existence of hexagonal crystals of ZnO-NPs with an average size of 12.11 nm. Both ZnO-NPs (IC<sub>50</sub> = 7.01 and CC<sub>50</sub> = 145.77) and <i>C. dirnum</i> L. extract (IC<sub>50</sub> = 61.15 and CC<sub>50</sub> = 145.87 µg/mL) showed antiviral activity against HCOV-229E, but their combination (IC<sub>50</sub> = 2.41 and CC<sub>50</sub> = 179.23) showed higher activity than both. Molecular docking was used to investigate the affinity of some metabolites against the HCOV-229E main protease. Chlorogenic acid, solanidine, and catchin showed high affinity (−7.13, −6.95, and −6.52), compared to the ligand MDP (−5.66 Kcal/mol). <i>Cestrum dinurum</i> extract and ZnO-NPs combination should be subjected to further studies to be used as an antiviral drug.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/28/1/266<i>Cestrum diurnum</i> L.antiviral activitycoronaviruseshuman corona 229Ezinc oxide nanoparticlesHPLC quantification |
| spellingShingle | Ibrahim N. Alrabayah Seham S. Elhawary Zeinab A. Kandil Essam M. Abd El-Kadder Yasmine S. Moemen Abdulrahman M. Saleh Mohamed A. El Raey Green Synthesized Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Based on <i>Cestrum diurnum</i> L. of Potential Antiviral Activity against Human Corona 229-E Virus Molecules <i>Cestrum diurnum</i> L. antiviral activity coronaviruses human corona 229E zinc oxide nanoparticles HPLC quantification |
| title | Green Synthesized Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Based on <i>Cestrum diurnum</i> L. of Potential Antiviral Activity against Human Corona 229-E Virus |
| title_full | Green Synthesized Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Based on <i>Cestrum diurnum</i> L. of Potential Antiviral Activity against Human Corona 229-E Virus |
| title_fullStr | Green Synthesized Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Based on <i>Cestrum diurnum</i> L. of Potential Antiviral Activity against Human Corona 229-E Virus |
| title_full_unstemmed | Green Synthesized Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Based on <i>Cestrum diurnum</i> L. of Potential Antiviral Activity against Human Corona 229-E Virus |
| title_short | Green Synthesized Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Based on <i>Cestrum diurnum</i> L. of Potential Antiviral Activity against Human Corona 229-E Virus |
| title_sort | green synthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles based on i cestrum diurnum i l of potential antiviral activity against human corona 229 e virus |
| topic | <i>Cestrum diurnum</i> L. antiviral activity coronaviruses human corona 229E zinc oxide nanoparticles HPLC quantification |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/28/1/266 |
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