Development of an Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> Surface-Grafted Carboxymethyl Chitosan Molecularly Imprinted Polymer for Specific Recognition and Sustained Release of Salidroside
The choice of carrier material is critical in the study of natural drug release preparations and glycosylated magnetic molecularly imprinted materials. The stiffness and softness of the carrier material affect the efficiency of drug release and the specificity of recognition. The dual adjustable ape...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2023-02-01
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| Series: | Polymers |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/15/5/1187 |
| _version_ | 1797614511210889216 |
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| author | Xingbin Ma Shuyu Li Jiajie Qiu Zijie Liu Siyu Liu Zhifeng Huang Yanhong Yong Youquan Li Zhichao Yu Xiaoxi Liu Hongling Lin Xianghong Ju A. M. Abd El-Aty |
| author_facet | Xingbin Ma Shuyu Li Jiajie Qiu Zijie Liu Siyu Liu Zhifeng Huang Yanhong Yong Youquan Li Zhichao Yu Xiaoxi Liu Hongling Lin Xianghong Ju A. M. Abd El-Aty |
| author_sort | Xingbin Ma |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The choice of carrier material is critical in the study of natural drug release preparations and glycosylated magnetic molecularly imprinted materials. The stiffness and softness of the carrier material affect the efficiency of drug release and the specificity of recognition. The dual adjustable aperture-ligand in molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) provides the possibility of individualized design for sustained release studies. In this study, a combination of paramagnetic Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> and carboxymethyl chitosan (CC) was used to enhance the imprinting effect and improve drug delivery. A combination of tetrahydrofuran and ethylene glycol was used as a binary porogen to prepare MIP-doped Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>-grafted CC (SMCMIP). Salidroside serves as the template, methacrylic acid acts as the functional monomer, and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA) serves as the crosslinker. Scanning and transmission electron microscopy were used to observe the micromorphology of the microspheres. The structural and morphological parameters of the SMCMIP composites were measured, including the surface area and pore diameter distribution. In an in vitro study, we found that the SMCMIP composite had a sustained release property of 50% after 6 h of release time in comparison to the control SMCNIP. The total amounts of SMCMIP released at 25 °C and 37 °C were 77% and 86%, respectively. In vitro results showed that the release of SMCMIP followed Fickian kinetics, meaning that the rate of release is dependent on the concentration gradient, with diffusion coefficients ranging from 3.07 × 10<sup>−2</sup> cm<sup>2</sup>/s to 5.66 × 10<sup>−3</sup> cm<sup>2</sup>/s. The results of cytotoxicity experiments showed that the SMCMIP composite did not have any harmful effects on cell growth. The survival rates of intestinal epithelial cells (IPEC-J2) were found to be above 98%. By using the SMCMIP composite, drugs may be delivered in a sustained manner, potentially leading to improved therapeutic outcomes and reduced side effects. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T07:13:32Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-4f0968564bc4494a8772bf3e168b3de1 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4360 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T07:13:32Z |
| publishDate | 2023-02-01 |
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| record_format | Article |
| series | Polymers |
| spelling | doaj.art-4f0968564bc4494a8772bf3e168b3de12023-11-17T08:27:22ZengMDPI AGPolymers2073-43602023-02-01155118710.3390/polym15051187Development of an Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> Surface-Grafted Carboxymethyl Chitosan Molecularly Imprinted Polymer for Specific Recognition and Sustained Release of SalidrosideXingbin Ma0Shuyu Li1Jiajie Qiu2Zijie Liu3Siyu Liu4Zhifeng Huang5Yanhong Yong6Youquan Li7Zhichao Yu8Xiaoxi Liu9Hongling Lin10Xianghong Ju11A. M. Abd El-Aty12College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, ChinaCollege of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, ChinaCollege of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, ChinaCollege of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, ChinaCollege of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, ChinaCollege of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, ChinaCollege of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, ChinaCollege of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, ChinaCollege of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, ChinaCollege of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, ChinaZhanjiang Experimental Station, Southern-Subtropical Crop Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Zhanjiang 524013, ChinaCollege of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, ChinaDepartment of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza 12211, EgyptThe choice of carrier material is critical in the study of natural drug release preparations and glycosylated magnetic molecularly imprinted materials. The stiffness and softness of the carrier material affect the efficiency of drug release and the specificity of recognition. The dual adjustable aperture-ligand in molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) provides the possibility of individualized design for sustained release studies. In this study, a combination of paramagnetic Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> and carboxymethyl chitosan (CC) was used to enhance the imprinting effect and improve drug delivery. A combination of tetrahydrofuran and ethylene glycol was used as a binary porogen to prepare MIP-doped Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>-grafted CC (SMCMIP). Salidroside serves as the template, methacrylic acid acts as the functional monomer, and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA) serves as the crosslinker. Scanning and transmission electron microscopy were used to observe the micromorphology of the microspheres. The structural and morphological parameters of the SMCMIP composites were measured, including the surface area and pore diameter distribution. In an in vitro study, we found that the SMCMIP composite had a sustained release property of 50% after 6 h of release time in comparison to the control SMCNIP. The total amounts of SMCMIP released at 25 °C and 37 °C were 77% and 86%, respectively. In vitro results showed that the release of SMCMIP followed Fickian kinetics, meaning that the rate of release is dependent on the concentration gradient, with diffusion coefficients ranging from 3.07 × 10<sup>−2</sup> cm<sup>2</sup>/s to 5.66 × 10<sup>−3</sup> cm<sup>2</sup>/s. The results of cytotoxicity experiments showed that the SMCMIP composite did not have any harmful effects on cell growth. The survival rates of intestinal epithelial cells (IPEC-J2) were found to be above 98%. By using the SMCMIP composite, drugs may be delivered in a sustained manner, potentially leading to improved therapeutic outcomes and reduced side effects.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/15/5/1187drug delivery systemssalidrosidemolecularly imprinted polymerchitosan embedding Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> microspheresdrug release kinetics |
| spellingShingle | Xingbin Ma Shuyu Li Jiajie Qiu Zijie Liu Siyu Liu Zhifeng Huang Yanhong Yong Youquan Li Zhichao Yu Xiaoxi Liu Hongling Lin Xianghong Ju A. M. Abd El-Aty Development of an Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> Surface-Grafted Carboxymethyl Chitosan Molecularly Imprinted Polymer for Specific Recognition and Sustained Release of Salidroside Polymers drug delivery systems salidroside molecularly imprinted polymer chitosan embedding Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> microspheres drug release kinetics |
| title | Development of an Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> Surface-Grafted Carboxymethyl Chitosan Molecularly Imprinted Polymer for Specific Recognition and Sustained Release of Salidroside |
| title_full | Development of an Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> Surface-Grafted Carboxymethyl Chitosan Molecularly Imprinted Polymer for Specific Recognition and Sustained Release of Salidroside |
| title_fullStr | Development of an Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> Surface-Grafted Carboxymethyl Chitosan Molecularly Imprinted Polymer for Specific Recognition and Sustained Release of Salidroside |
| title_full_unstemmed | Development of an Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> Surface-Grafted Carboxymethyl Chitosan Molecularly Imprinted Polymer for Specific Recognition and Sustained Release of Salidroside |
| title_short | Development of an Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> Surface-Grafted Carboxymethyl Chitosan Molecularly Imprinted Polymer for Specific Recognition and Sustained Release of Salidroside |
| title_sort | development of an fe sub 3 sub o sub 4 sub surface grafted carboxymethyl chitosan molecularly imprinted polymer for specific recognition and sustained release of salidroside |
| topic | drug delivery systems salidroside molecularly imprinted polymer chitosan embedding Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> microspheres drug release kinetics |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/15/5/1187 |
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