Recent Progress of Exosomes in Multiple Myeloma: Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, Prognosis and Therapeutic Strategies
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a hematological malignancy that is still incurable. The bone marrow microenvironment (BMM), with cellular and non-cellular components, can create a favorable environment for the survival, proliferation and migration of MM cells, which is the main reason for the failure of MM...
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MDPI AG
2021-04-01
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| Series: | Cancers |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6694/13/7/1635 |
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| author | Xi Wang Lin He Xiaobing Huang Shasha Zhang Wanjun Cao Feifei Che Yizhun Zhu Jingying Dai |
| author_facet | Xi Wang Lin He Xiaobing Huang Shasha Zhang Wanjun Cao Feifei Che Yizhun Zhu Jingying Dai |
| author_sort | Xi Wang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Multiple myeloma (MM) is a hematological malignancy that is still incurable. The bone marrow microenvironment (BMM), with cellular and non-cellular components, can create a favorable environment for the survival, proliferation and migration of MM cells, which is the main reason for the failure of MM therapies. Many studies have demonstrated that exosomes play an important role in the tumor-supportive BMM. Exosomes are nanoscale vesicles that can be released by various cells. Some exosomes contribute to the pathogenesis and progression of MM. MM-derived exosomes act on different cells in the BMM, thereby creating an environment conducive to the survival and growth of MM cells. Owing to the important roles of exosomes in the BMM, targeting the secretion of exosomes may become an effective therapeutic strategy for MM. In addition, the abnormal expression of “cargos” in the exosomes of MM patients may be used to diagnose MM or used as part of a screen for the early prognoses of MM patients. Exosomes also have good biological properties, including safety, biocompatibility, stability and biodegradability. Therefore, the encapsulation of anti-cancer drugs in exosomes, along with surface modifications of exosomes with targeting molecules, are very promising strategies for cancer therapies—particularly for MM. In addition, DC-derived exosomes (DC-EXs) can express MHC-I, MHC-II and T cell costimulatory molecules. Therefore, DC-EXs may be used as a nanocarrier to deliver cancer vaccines in MM. This review summarizes the recent progress of exosome research regarding the pathogenesis of, diagnosis of, prognosis of and therapeutic strategies for MM. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T12:42:28Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-4f09bb94f1aa469983a664c2e82578c8 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-6694 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T12:42:28Z |
| publishDate | 2021-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Cancers |
| spelling | doaj.art-4f09bb94f1aa469983a664c2e82578c82023-11-21T13:43:42ZengMDPI AGCancers2072-66942021-04-01137163510.3390/cancers13071635Recent Progress of Exosomes in Multiple Myeloma: Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, Prognosis and Therapeutic StrategiesXi Wang0Lin He1Xiaobing Huang2Shasha Zhang3Wanjun Cao4Feifei Che5Yizhun Zhu6Jingying Dai7Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, School of Medicine of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, No. 32, West Section 2, First Ring Road, Qingyang District, Chengdu 610000, ChinaSichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, School of Medicine of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, No. 32, West Section 2, First Ring Road, Qingyang District, Chengdu 610000, ChinaSichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, School of Medicine of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, No. 32, West Section 2, First Ring Road, Qingyang District, Chengdu 610000, ChinaSichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, School of Medicine of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, No. 32, West Section 2, First Ring Road, Qingyang District, Chengdu 610000, ChinaSchool of Pharmacy, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637000, ChinaSichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, School of Medicine of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, No. 32, West Section 2, First Ring Road, Qingyang District, Chengdu 610000, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine & School of Pharmacy, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long, Taipa, Macau 999078, ChinaSichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, School of Medicine of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, No. 32, West Section 2, First Ring Road, Qingyang District, Chengdu 610000, ChinaMultiple myeloma (MM) is a hematological malignancy that is still incurable. The bone marrow microenvironment (BMM), with cellular and non-cellular components, can create a favorable environment for the survival, proliferation and migration of MM cells, which is the main reason for the failure of MM therapies. Many studies have demonstrated that exosomes play an important role in the tumor-supportive BMM. Exosomes are nanoscale vesicles that can be released by various cells. Some exosomes contribute to the pathogenesis and progression of MM. MM-derived exosomes act on different cells in the BMM, thereby creating an environment conducive to the survival and growth of MM cells. Owing to the important roles of exosomes in the BMM, targeting the secretion of exosomes may become an effective therapeutic strategy for MM. In addition, the abnormal expression of “cargos” in the exosomes of MM patients may be used to diagnose MM or used as part of a screen for the early prognoses of MM patients. Exosomes also have good biological properties, including safety, biocompatibility, stability and biodegradability. Therefore, the encapsulation of anti-cancer drugs in exosomes, along with surface modifications of exosomes with targeting molecules, are very promising strategies for cancer therapies—particularly for MM. In addition, DC-derived exosomes (DC-EXs) can express MHC-I, MHC-II and T cell costimulatory molecules. Therefore, DC-EXs may be used as a nanocarrier to deliver cancer vaccines in MM. This review summarizes the recent progress of exosome research regarding the pathogenesis of, diagnosis of, prognosis of and therapeutic strategies for MM.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6694/13/7/1635exosomesmultiple myelomabiological nanocarriertherapeutic strategies |
| spellingShingle | Xi Wang Lin He Xiaobing Huang Shasha Zhang Wanjun Cao Feifei Che Yizhun Zhu Jingying Dai Recent Progress of Exosomes in Multiple Myeloma: Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, Prognosis and Therapeutic Strategies Cancers exosomes multiple myeloma biological nanocarrier therapeutic strategies |
| title | Recent Progress of Exosomes in Multiple Myeloma: Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, Prognosis and Therapeutic Strategies |
| title_full | Recent Progress of Exosomes in Multiple Myeloma: Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, Prognosis and Therapeutic Strategies |
| title_fullStr | Recent Progress of Exosomes in Multiple Myeloma: Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, Prognosis and Therapeutic Strategies |
| title_full_unstemmed | Recent Progress of Exosomes in Multiple Myeloma: Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, Prognosis and Therapeutic Strategies |
| title_short | Recent Progress of Exosomes in Multiple Myeloma: Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, Prognosis and Therapeutic Strategies |
| title_sort | recent progress of exosomes in multiple myeloma pathogenesis diagnosis prognosis and therapeutic strategies |
| topic | exosomes multiple myeloma biological nanocarrier therapeutic strategies |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6694/13/7/1635 |
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