Animal board invited review: The contribution of adipose stores to milk fat: implications on optimal nutritional strategies to increase milk fat synthesis in dairy cows
A wide range of nutritional and non-nutritional factors influence milk fat synthesis and explain the large variation observed in dairy herds. The capacity of the animal to synthesize milk fat will largely depend on the availability of substrates for lipid synthesis, some of which originate directly...
| Main Authors: | , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Elsevier
2023-04-01
|
| Series: | Animal |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1751731123000319 |
| _version_ | 1827963129850494976 |
|---|---|
| author | Daniel E. Rico Ali Razzaghi |
| author_facet | Daniel E. Rico Ali Razzaghi |
| author_sort | Daniel E. Rico |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | A wide range of nutritional and non-nutritional factors influence milk fat synthesis and explain the large variation observed in dairy herds. The capacity of the animal to synthesize milk fat will largely depend on the availability of substrates for lipid synthesis, some of which originate directly from the diet, ruminal fermentation or from adipose tissue stores. The mobilization of non-esterified fatty acids from adipose tissues is important to support the energy demands of milk synthesis and will therefore have an impact on the composition of milk lipids, especially during the early lactation period. Such mobilization is tightly controlled by insulin and catecholamines, and in turn, can be affected indirectly by factors that influence these signals, namely diet composition, lactation stage, genetics, endotoxemia, and inflammation. Environmental factors, such as heat stress, also impact adipose tissue mobilization and milk fat synthesis, mainly through endotoxemia and an immune response-related increase in concentrations of plasma insulin. Indeed, as proposed in the present review, the central role of insulin in the control of lipolysis is key to improving our understanding of how nutritional and non-nutritional factors impact milk fat synthesis. This is particularly the case during early lactation, as well as in situations where mammary lipid synthesis is more dependent on adipose-derived fatty acids. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-09T16:53:35Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-4f105d75663e40f2b5e002fff95949a8 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1751-7311 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-09T16:53:35Z |
| publishDate | 2023-04-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Animal |
| spelling | doaj.art-4f105d75663e40f2b5e002fff95949a82023-04-21T06:44:12ZengElsevierAnimal1751-73112023-04-01174100735Animal board invited review: The contribution of adipose stores to milk fat: implications on optimal nutritional strategies to increase milk fat synthesis in dairy cowsDaniel E. Rico0Ali Razzaghi1CRSAD, Deschambault, QC G0A 1S0, Canada; Corresponding author.Innovation Center, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, PO Box 9177948974, Mashhad, IranA wide range of nutritional and non-nutritional factors influence milk fat synthesis and explain the large variation observed in dairy herds. The capacity of the animal to synthesize milk fat will largely depend on the availability of substrates for lipid synthesis, some of which originate directly from the diet, ruminal fermentation or from adipose tissue stores. The mobilization of non-esterified fatty acids from adipose tissues is important to support the energy demands of milk synthesis and will therefore have an impact on the composition of milk lipids, especially during the early lactation period. Such mobilization is tightly controlled by insulin and catecholamines, and in turn, can be affected indirectly by factors that influence these signals, namely diet composition, lactation stage, genetics, endotoxemia, and inflammation. Environmental factors, such as heat stress, also impact adipose tissue mobilization and milk fat synthesis, mainly through endotoxemia and an immune response-related increase in concentrations of plasma insulin. Indeed, as proposed in the present review, the central role of insulin in the control of lipolysis is key to improving our understanding of how nutritional and non-nutritional factors impact milk fat synthesis. This is particularly the case during early lactation, as well as in situations where mammary lipid synthesis is more dependent on adipose-derived fatty acids.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1751731123000319Body reservesInflammationInsulinMilk fat depressionRuminal biohydrogenation |
| spellingShingle | Daniel E. Rico Ali Razzaghi Animal board invited review: The contribution of adipose stores to milk fat: implications on optimal nutritional strategies to increase milk fat synthesis in dairy cows Animal Body reserves Inflammation Insulin Milk fat depression Ruminal biohydrogenation |
| title | Animal board invited review: The contribution of adipose stores to milk fat: implications on optimal nutritional strategies to increase milk fat synthesis in dairy cows |
| title_full | Animal board invited review: The contribution of adipose stores to milk fat: implications on optimal nutritional strategies to increase milk fat synthesis in dairy cows |
| title_fullStr | Animal board invited review: The contribution of adipose stores to milk fat: implications on optimal nutritional strategies to increase milk fat synthesis in dairy cows |
| title_full_unstemmed | Animal board invited review: The contribution of adipose stores to milk fat: implications on optimal nutritional strategies to increase milk fat synthesis in dairy cows |
| title_short | Animal board invited review: The contribution of adipose stores to milk fat: implications on optimal nutritional strategies to increase milk fat synthesis in dairy cows |
| title_sort | animal board invited review the contribution of adipose stores to milk fat implications on optimal nutritional strategies to increase milk fat synthesis in dairy cows |
| topic | Body reserves Inflammation Insulin Milk fat depression Ruminal biohydrogenation |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1751731123000319 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT danielerico animalboardinvitedreviewthecontributionofadiposestorestomilkfatimplicationsonoptimalnutritionalstrategiestoincreasemilkfatsynthesisindairycows AT alirazzaghi animalboardinvitedreviewthecontributionofadiposestorestomilkfatimplicationsonoptimalnutritionalstrategiestoincreasemilkfatsynthesisindairycows |