The <i>Azadirachta indica</i> (Neem) Seed Oil Reduced Chronic Redox-Homeostasis Imbalance in a Mice Experimental Model on Ochratoxine A-Induced Hepatotoxicity
Liver damage severity depends on both the dose and the exposure duration. Oxidative stress may increase the Ochratoxine-A (OTA) hepatotoxicity and many antioxidants may counteract toxic liver function. The present study aims to investigate the hepatoprotective potential of <i>Azadirachta indic...
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MDPI AG
2022-08-01
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| Series: | Antioxidants |
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| author | Galina Nikolova Julian Ananiev Veselin Ivanov Kamelia Petkova-Parlapanska Ekaterina Georgieva Yanka Karamalakova |
| author_facet | Galina Nikolova Julian Ananiev Veselin Ivanov Kamelia Petkova-Parlapanska Ekaterina Georgieva Yanka Karamalakova |
| author_sort | Galina Nikolova |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Liver damage severity depends on both the dose and the exposure duration. Oxidative stress may increase the Ochratoxine-A (OTA) hepatotoxicity and many antioxidants may counteract toxic liver function. The present study aims to investigate the hepatoprotective potential of <i>Azadirachta indica</i><i>A</i> (<i>A. indica</i>; neem oil) seed oil to reduce acute oxidative disorders and residual OTA toxicity in a 28-day experimental model. The activity of antioxidant and hepatic enzymes, cytokines and the levels of oxidative stress biomarkers –MDA, GSPx, Hydroxiproline, GST, PCC, AGEs, PGC-1, and STIR-1 were analyzed by ELISA. The free radicals ROS and RNS levels were measured by EPR. The protective effects were studied in BALB/C mice treated with <i>A. indica</i> seed oil (170 mg/kg), alone and in combination with OTA (1.25 mg/kg), by gavage daily for 28 days. At the end of the experiment, mice treated with OTA showed changes in liver and antioxidant enzymes, and oxidative stress parameters in the liver and blood. <i>A. indica</i> oil significantly reduced oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation compared to the OTA group. In addition, the hepatic histological evaluation showed significant adipose tissue accumulation in OTA-treated tissues, while treatment with 170 mg/kg <i>A. indica</i> oil showed moderate adipose tissue accumulation. |
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| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T00:53:41Z |
| publishDate | 2022-08-01 |
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| series | Antioxidants |
| spelling | doaj.art-4f17101c475f445da8c26dfb5b42bafd2023-11-23T14:47:09ZengMDPI AGAntioxidants2076-39212022-08-01119167810.3390/antiox11091678The <i>Azadirachta indica</i> (Neem) Seed Oil Reduced Chronic Redox-Homeostasis Imbalance in a Mice Experimental Model on Ochratoxine A-Induced HepatotoxicityGalina Nikolova0Julian Ananiev1Veselin Ivanov2Kamelia Petkova-Parlapanska3Ekaterina Georgieva4Yanka Karamalakova5Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Trakia University, 11 Armeiska Str., 6000 Stara Zagora, BulgariaDepartment of General and Clinical Pathology, Forensic Medicine and Deontology, Faculty of Medicine, Trakia University, 11 Armeiska Str., 6000 Stara Zagora, BulgariaDepartment of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Trakia University, 11 Armeiska Str., 6000 Stara Zagora, BulgariaDepartment of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Trakia University, 11 Armeiska Str., 6000 Stara Zagora, BulgariaDepartment of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Trakia University, 11 Armeiska Str., 6000 Stara Zagora, BulgariaDepartment of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Trakia University, 11 Armeiska Str., 6000 Stara Zagora, BulgariaLiver damage severity depends on both the dose and the exposure duration. Oxidative stress may increase the Ochratoxine-A (OTA) hepatotoxicity and many antioxidants may counteract toxic liver function. The present study aims to investigate the hepatoprotective potential of <i>Azadirachta indica</i><i>A</i> (<i>A. indica</i>; neem oil) seed oil to reduce acute oxidative disorders and residual OTA toxicity in a 28-day experimental model. The activity of antioxidant and hepatic enzymes, cytokines and the levels of oxidative stress biomarkers –MDA, GSPx, Hydroxiproline, GST, PCC, AGEs, PGC-1, and STIR-1 were analyzed by ELISA. The free radicals ROS and RNS levels were measured by EPR. The protective effects were studied in BALB/C mice treated with <i>A. indica</i> seed oil (170 mg/kg), alone and in combination with OTA (1.25 mg/kg), by gavage daily for 28 days. At the end of the experiment, mice treated with OTA showed changes in liver and antioxidant enzymes, and oxidative stress parameters in the liver and blood. <i>A. indica</i> oil significantly reduced oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation compared to the OTA group. In addition, the hepatic histological evaluation showed significant adipose tissue accumulation in OTA-treated tissues, while treatment with 170 mg/kg <i>A. indica</i> oil showed moderate adipose tissue accumulation.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/11/9/1678<i>A. indica</i> oilOTAGSPxHydGSTPGC-1 |
| spellingShingle | Galina Nikolova Julian Ananiev Veselin Ivanov Kamelia Petkova-Parlapanska Ekaterina Georgieva Yanka Karamalakova The <i>Azadirachta indica</i> (Neem) Seed Oil Reduced Chronic Redox-Homeostasis Imbalance in a Mice Experimental Model on Ochratoxine A-Induced Hepatotoxicity Antioxidants <i>A. indica</i> oil OTA GSPx Hyd GST PGC-1 |
| title | The <i>Azadirachta indica</i> (Neem) Seed Oil Reduced Chronic Redox-Homeostasis Imbalance in a Mice Experimental Model on Ochratoxine A-Induced Hepatotoxicity |
| title_full | The <i>Azadirachta indica</i> (Neem) Seed Oil Reduced Chronic Redox-Homeostasis Imbalance in a Mice Experimental Model on Ochratoxine A-Induced Hepatotoxicity |
| title_fullStr | The <i>Azadirachta indica</i> (Neem) Seed Oil Reduced Chronic Redox-Homeostasis Imbalance in a Mice Experimental Model on Ochratoxine A-Induced Hepatotoxicity |
| title_full_unstemmed | The <i>Azadirachta indica</i> (Neem) Seed Oil Reduced Chronic Redox-Homeostasis Imbalance in a Mice Experimental Model on Ochratoxine A-Induced Hepatotoxicity |
| title_short | The <i>Azadirachta indica</i> (Neem) Seed Oil Reduced Chronic Redox-Homeostasis Imbalance in a Mice Experimental Model on Ochratoxine A-Induced Hepatotoxicity |
| title_sort | i azadirachta indica i neem seed oil reduced chronic redox homeostasis imbalance in a mice experimental model on ochratoxine a induced hepatotoxicity |
| topic | <i>A. indica</i> oil OTA GSPx Hyd GST PGC-1 |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/11/9/1678 |
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