Visual Statistical Learning in Children and Young Adults: How Implicit?
Visual statistical learning (VSL) is the ability to extract the joint and conditional probabilities of shapes co-occurring during passive viewing of complex visual configurations. Evidence indicates that even infants are sensitive to these regularities (e.g., Kirkham, Slemmer, & Johnson, 2002)....
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2015-01-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Psychology |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fpsyg.2014.01541/full |
| _version_ | 1818669500848930816 |
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| author | Julie eBertels Julie eBertels Emeline eBoursain Arnaud eDestrebecqz Vinciane eGaillard |
| author_facet | Julie eBertels Julie eBertels Emeline eBoursain Arnaud eDestrebecqz Vinciane eGaillard |
| author_sort | Julie eBertels |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Visual statistical learning (VSL) is the ability to extract the joint and conditional probabilities of shapes co-occurring during passive viewing of complex visual configurations. Evidence indicates that even infants are sensitive to these regularities (e.g., Kirkham, Slemmer, & Johnson, 2002). However, there is continuing debate as to whether VSL is accompanied by conscious awareness of the statistical regularities between sequence elements. Bertels, Franco, and Destrebecqz (2012) addressed this question in young adults. Here, we adapted their paradigm to investigate VSL and conscious awareness in children. Using the same version of the paradigm, we also tested young adults so as to directly compare results from both age groups. Fifth graders and undergraduates were exposed to a stream of visual shapes arranged in triplets. Learning of these sequences was then assessed using both direct and indirect measures. In order to assess the extent to which learning occurred explicitly, we also measured confidence through subjective measures in the direct task (i.e., binary confidence judgments).Results revealed that both children and young adults learned the statistical regularities between shapes. In both age groups, participants who performed above chance in the completion task had conscious access to their knowledge. Nevertheless, although adults performed above chance even when they claimed to guess, there was no evidence of implicit knowledge in children. These results suggest that the role of implicit and explicit influences in visual statistical learning may follow a developmental trajectory. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-17T06:53:12Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-4f184075c49a4a2c838e222708a28bc2 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-1078 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-17T06:53:12Z |
| publishDate | 2015-01-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Psychology |
| spelling | doaj.art-4f184075c49a4a2c838e222708a28bc22022-12-21T21:59:31ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Psychology1664-10782015-01-01510.3389/fpsyg.2014.01541119935Visual Statistical Learning in Children and Young Adults: How Implicit?Julie eBertels0Julie eBertels1Emeline eBoursain2Arnaud eDestrebecqz3Vinciane eGaillard4Université Libre de BruxellesFonds de la Recherche Scientifique - FNRSUniversité Libre de BruxellesUniversité Libre de BruxellesUniversité Libre de BruxellesVisual statistical learning (VSL) is the ability to extract the joint and conditional probabilities of shapes co-occurring during passive viewing of complex visual configurations. Evidence indicates that even infants are sensitive to these regularities (e.g., Kirkham, Slemmer, & Johnson, 2002). However, there is continuing debate as to whether VSL is accompanied by conscious awareness of the statistical regularities between sequence elements. Bertels, Franco, and Destrebecqz (2012) addressed this question in young adults. Here, we adapted their paradigm to investigate VSL and conscious awareness in children. Using the same version of the paradigm, we also tested young adults so as to directly compare results from both age groups. Fifth graders and undergraduates were exposed to a stream of visual shapes arranged in triplets. Learning of these sequences was then assessed using both direct and indirect measures. In order to assess the extent to which learning occurred explicitly, we also measured confidence through subjective measures in the direct task (i.e., binary confidence judgments).Results revealed that both children and young adults learned the statistical regularities between shapes. In both age groups, participants who performed above chance in the completion task had conscious access to their knowledge. Nevertheless, although adults performed above chance even when they claimed to guess, there was no evidence of implicit knowledge in children. These results suggest that the role of implicit and explicit influences in visual statistical learning may follow a developmental trajectory.http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fpsyg.2014.01541/fullConsciousnessChildrenconfidence judgementvisual statistical learningimplicit and explicit knowledge |
| spellingShingle | Julie eBertels Julie eBertels Emeline eBoursain Arnaud eDestrebecqz Vinciane eGaillard Visual Statistical Learning in Children and Young Adults: How Implicit? Frontiers in Psychology Consciousness Children confidence judgement visual statistical learning implicit and explicit knowledge |
| title | Visual Statistical Learning in Children and Young Adults: How Implicit? |
| title_full | Visual Statistical Learning in Children and Young Adults: How Implicit? |
| title_fullStr | Visual Statistical Learning in Children and Young Adults: How Implicit? |
| title_full_unstemmed | Visual Statistical Learning in Children and Young Adults: How Implicit? |
| title_short | Visual Statistical Learning in Children and Young Adults: How Implicit? |
| title_sort | visual statistical learning in children and young adults how implicit |
| topic | Consciousness Children confidence judgement visual statistical learning implicit and explicit knowledge |
| url | http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fpsyg.2014.01541/full |
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