Effect of Exercise on the Resting Metabolic Rate and Substrate Utilization in Women with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: Results of a Pilot Study
Regular physical activity during pregnancy has a positive effect on the mother and fetus. However, there is scarce data regarding the effect of exercise in pregnancies complicated by gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). The aim of the present parallel, non-randomized, open-label, pilot, clinical stu...
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MDPI AG
2022-10-01
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| Series: | Metabolites |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2218-1989/12/10/998 |
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| author | Eleftheria Taousani Dimitra Savvaki Efrosini Tsirou Maria G. Grammatikopoulou Basil C. Tarlatzis Dimitrios Vavilis Dimitrios G. Goulis |
| author_facet | Eleftheria Taousani Dimitra Savvaki Efrosini Tsirou Maria G. Grammatikopoulou Basil C. Tarlatzis Dimitrios Vavilis Dimitrios G. Goulis |
| author_sort | Eleftheria Taousani |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Regular physical activity during pregnancy has a positive effect on the mother and fetus. However, there is scarce data regarding the effect of exercise in pregnancies complicated by gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). The aim of the present parallel, non-randomized, open-label, pilot, clinical study was to examine the effect of two exercise programs on the resting metabolic rate (RMR) and substrate utilization in pregnancies complicated by GDM, compared with usual care (advice for the performance of exercise). Forty-three pregnant women diagnosed with GDM between the 24th and 28th gestational week, volunteered to participate. Three groups were formed: <i>Usual care</i> (<i>n</i> = 17), <i>Walking</i> (<i>n</i> = 14), and <i>Mixed Exercise</i> (<i>n</i> = 12). The <i>Usual care</i> group was given advice on maintaining habitual daily activities without any additional exercise. The <i>Walking</i> group exercised regularly by walking, in addition to the habitual daily activities. Finally, the <i>Mixed Exercise</i> group participated in a program combining aerobics and strength exercises. Training intensity was monitored continuously using lightweight, wearable monitoring devices. The <i>Walking</i> and <i>Mixed Exercise</i> groups participated in the training programs after being diagnosed with GDM and maintained them until the last week of gestation. RMR and substrate utilization were analyzed using indirect calorimetry for all participants twice: between 27th and 28th gestational week and as close as possible before delivery. No differences were observed between groups regarding body composition, age, and medical or obstetrical parameters before or after the exercise programs. RMR was increased after the completion of the exercise interventions in both the <i>Walking</i> (<i>p</i> = 0.001) and the <i>Mixed Exercise</i> arms (<i>p</i> = 0.002). In contrast, substrate utilization remained indifferent. In conclusion, regular exercise of moderate intensity (either walking, or a combination of aerobic and strength training) increases RMR in women with GDM compared to the lack of systematic exercise. However, based on the present, pilot data, these exercise regimes do not appear to alter resting substrate utilization. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T19:48:12Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-4f187782a41e427fa8fa60deee0a6b7c |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2218-1989 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T19:48:12Z |
| publishDate | 2022-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Metabolites |
| spelling | doaj.art-4f187782a41e427fa8fa60deee0a6b7c2023-11-24T01:16:37ZengMDPI AGMetabolites2218-19892022-10-01121099810.3390/metabo12100998Effect of Exercise on the Resting Metabolic Rate and Substrate Utilization in Women with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: Results of a Pilot StudyEleftheria Taousani0Dimitra Savvaki1Efrosini Tsirou2Maria G. Grammatikopoulou3Basil C. Tarlatzis4Dimitrios Vavilis5Dimitrios G. Goulis6Unit of Reproductive Endocrinology, 1st Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical School, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-56429 Thessaloniki, GreeceUnit of Reproductive Endocrinology, 1st Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical School, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-56429 Thessaloniki, GreeceUnit of Reproductive Endocrinology, 1st Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical School, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-56429 Thessaloniki, GreeceUnit of Reproductive Endocrinology, 1st Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical School, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-56429 Thessaloniki, GreeceUnit of Reproductive Endocrinology, 1st Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical School, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-56429 Thessaloniki, GreeceUnit of Reproductive Endocrinology, 1st Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical School, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-56429 Thessaloniki, GreeceUnit of Reproductive Endocrinology, 1st Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical School, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-56429 Thessaloniki, GreeceRegular physical activity during pregnancy has a positive effect on the mother and fetus. However, there is scarce data regarding the effect of exercise in pregnancies complicated by gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). The aim of the present parallel, non-randomized, open-label, pilot, clinical study was to examine the effect of two exercise programs on the resting metabolic rate (RMR) and substrate utilization in pregnancies complicated by GDM, compared with usual care (advice for the performance of exercise). Forty-three pregnant women diagnosed with GDM between the 24th and 28th gestational week, volunteered to participate. Three groups were formed: <i>Usual care</i> (<i>n</i> = 17), <i>Walking</i> (<i>n</i> = 14), and <i>Mixed Exercise</i> (<i>n</i> = 12). The <i>Usual care</i> group was given advice on maintaining habitual daily activities without any additional exercise. The <i>Walking</i> group exercised regularly by walking, in addition to the habitual daily activities. Finally, the <i>Mixed Exercise</i> group participated in a program combining aerobics and strength exercises. Training intensity was monitored continuously using lightweight, wearable monitoring devices. The <i>Walking</i> and <i>Mixed Exercise</i> groups participated in the training programs after being diagnosed with GDM and maintained them until the last week of gestation. RMR and substrate utilization were analyzed using indirect calorimetry for all participants twice: between 27th and 28th gestational week and as close as possible before delivery. No differences were observed between groups regarding body composition, age, and medical or obstetrical parameters before or after the exercise programs. RMR was increased after the completion of the exercise interventions in both the <i>Walking</i> (<i>p</i> = 0.001) and the <i>Mixed Exercise</i> arms (<i>p</i> = 0.002). In contrast, substrate utilization remained indifferent. In conclusion, regular exercise of moderate intensity (either walking, or a combination of aerobic and strength training) increases RMR in women with GDM compared to the lack of systematic exercise. However, based on the present, pilot data, these exercise regimes do not appear to alter resting substrate utilization.https://www.mdpi.com/2218-1989/12/10/998energy expendituregestationcarbohydrate metabolismcalorimeterpedometersgestational weight gain |
| spellingShingle | Eleftheria Taousani Dimitra Savvaki Efrosini Tsirou Maria G. Grammatikopoulou Basil C. Tarlatzis Dimitrios Vavilis Dimitrios G. Goulis Effect of Exercise on the Resting Metabolic Rate and Substrate Utilization in Women with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: Results of a Pilot Study Metabolites energy expenditure gestation carbohydrate metabolism calorimeter pedometers gestational weight gain |
| title | Effect of Exercise on the Resting Metabolic Rate and Substrate Utilization in Women with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: Results of a Pilot Study |
| title_full | Effect of Exercise on the Resting Metabolic Rate and Substrate Utilization in Women with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: Results of a Pilot Study |
| title_fullStr | Effect of Exercise on the Resting Metabolic Rate and Substrate Utilization in Women with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: Results of a Pilot Study |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effect of Exercise on the Resting Metabolic Rate and Substrate Utilization in Women with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: Results of a Pilot Study |
| title_short | Effect of Exercise on the Resting Metabolic Rate and Substrate Utilization in Women with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: Results of a Pilot Study |
| title_sort | effect of exercise on the resting metabolic rate and substrate utilization in women with gestational diabetes mellitus results of a pilot study |
| topic | energy expenditure gestation carbohydrate metabolism calorimeter pedometers gestational weight gain |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2218-1989/12/10/998 |
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