Wasteful Azo Dyes as a Source of Biologically Active Building Blocks
In this work, an environment-friendly enzymatic strategy was developed for the valorisation of dye-containing wastewaters. We set up biocatalytic processes for the conversion of azo dyes representative of the main classes used in the textile industry into valuable aromatic compounds: aromatic amines...
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| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2021-06-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fbioe.2021.672436/full |
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| author | Ana Fernandes Bruna Pinto Bruna Pinto Lorenzo Bonardo Beatriz Royo M. Paula Robalo M. Paula Robalo Lígia O. Martins |
| author_facet | Ana Fernandes Bruna Pinto Bruna Pinto Lorenzo Bonardo Beatriz Royo M. Paula Robalo M. Paula Robalo Lígia O. Martins |
| author_sort | Ana Fernandes |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In this work, an environment-friendly enzymatic strategy was developed for the valorisation of dye-containing wastewaters. We set up biocatalytic processes for the conversion of azo dyes representative of the main classes used in the textile industry into valuable aromatic compounds: aromatic amines, phenoxazinones, phenazines, and naphthoquinones. First, purified preparations of PpAzoR azoreductase efficiently reduced mordant, acid, reactive, and direct azo dyes into aromatic amines, and CotA-laccase oxidised these compounds into phenazines, phenoxazinones, and naphthoquinones. Second, whole cells containing the overproduced enzymes were utilised in the two-step enzymatic conversion of the model mordant black 9 dye into sodium 2-amino-3-oxo-3H-phenoxazine-8-sulphonate, allowing to overcome the drawbacks associated with the use of expensive purified enzymes, co-factors, or exquisite reaction conditions. Third, cells immobilised in sodium alginate allowed recycling the biocatalysts and achieving very good to excellent final phenoxazine product yields (up to 80%) in water and with less impurities in the final reaction mixtures. Finally, one-pot systems using recycled immobilised cells co-producing both enzymes resulted in the highest phenoxazinone yields (90%) through the sequential use of static and stirring conditions, controlling the oxygenation of reaction mixtures and the successive activity of azoreductase (anaerobic) and laccase (aerobic). |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-21T15:54:53Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-4f1ffcab4b20431e9fe3db411f605f00 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2296-4185 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-21T15:54:53Z |
| publishDate | 2021-06-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology |
| spelling | doaj.art-4f1ffcab4b20431e9fe3db411f605f002022-12-21T18:58:07ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology2296-41852021-06-01910.3389/fbioe.2021.672436672436Wasteful Azo Dyes as a Source of Biologically Active Building BlocksAna Fernandes0Bruna Pinto1Bruna Pinto2Lorenzo Bonardo3Beatriz Royo4M. Paula Robalo5M. Paula Robalo6Lígia O. Martins7Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Oeiras, PortugalInstituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Oeiras, PortugalÁrea Departamental de Engenharia Química, Instituto Superior de Engenharia de Lisboa (ISEL), Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa, Lisbon, PortugalInstituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Oeiras, PortugalInstituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Oeiras, PortugalÁrea Departamental de Engenharia Química, Instituto Superior de Engenharia de Lisboa (ISEL), Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa, Lisbon, PortugalCentro de Química Estrutural, Complexo I, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, PortugalInstituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Oeiras, PortugalIn this work, an environment-friendly enzymatic strategy was developed for the valorisation of dye-containing wastewaters. We set up biocatalytic processes for the conversion of azo dyes representative of the main classes used in the textile industry into valuable aromatic compounds: aromatic amines, phenoxazinones, phenazines, and naphthoquinones. First, purified preparations of PpAzoR azoreductase efficiently reduced mordant, acid, reactive, and direct azo dyes into aromatic amines, and CotA-laccase oxidised these compounds into phenazines, phenoxazinones, and naphthoquinones. Second, whole cells containing the overproduced enzymes were utilised in the two-step enzymatic conversion of the model mordant black 9 dye into sodium 2-amino-3-oxo-3H-phenoxazine-8-sulphonate, allowing to overcome the drawbacks associated with the use of expensive purified enzymes, co-factors, or exquisite reaction conditions. Third, cells immobilised in sodium alginate allowed recycling the biocatalysts and achieving very good to excellent final phenoxazine product yields (up to 80%) in water and with less impurities in the final reaction mixtures. Finally, one-pot systems using recycled immobilised cells co-producing both enzymes resulted in the highest phenoxazinone yields (90%) through the sequential use of static and stirring conditions, controlling the oxygenation of reaction mixtures and the successive activity of azoreductase (anaerobic) and laccase (aerobic).https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fbioe.2021.672436/fulllaccasesaromatic amineswhole-cell catalysisphenazinesphenoxazinonesazoreductase |
| spellingShingle | Ana Fernandes Bruna Pinto Bruna Pinto Lorenzo Bonardo Beatriz Royo M. Paula Robalo M. Paula Robalo Lígia O. Martins Wasteful Azo Dyes as a Source of Biologically Active Building Blocks Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology laccases aromatic amines whole-cell catalysis phenazines phenoxazinones azoreductase |
| title | Wasteful Azo Dyes as a Source of Biologically Active Building Blocks |
| title_full | Wasteful Azo Dyes as a Source of Biologically Active Building Blocks |
| title_fullStr | Wasteful Azo Dyes as a Source of Biologically Active Building Blocks |
| title_full_unstemmed | Wasteful Azo Dyes as a Source of Biologically Active Building Blocks |
| title_short | Wasteful Azo Dyes as a Source of Biologically Active Building Blocks |
| title_sort | wasteful azo dyes as a source of biologically active building blocks |
| topic | laccases aromatic amines whole-cell catalysis phenazines phenoxazinones azoreductase |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fbioe.2021.672436/full |
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