Modeling Yield, Biogenic Emissions, and Carbon Sequestration in Southeastern Cropping Systems With Winter Carinata
Sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) production from lipids is a technologically mature approach for replacing conventional fossil fuel use in the aviation sector, and there is increasing demand for such feedstocks. The oilseed Brassica carinata (known as Ethiopian mustard or simply carinata) is a promis...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2022-04-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Energy Research |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fenrg.2022.837883/full |
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| author | John L. Field John L. Field Yao Zhang Ernie Marx Kenneth J. Boote Mark Easter Sheeja George Nahal Hoghooghi Glenn Johnston Farhad Hossain Masum Michael J. Mulvaney Keith Paustian Keith Paustian Ramdeo Seepaul Amy Swan Steve Williams David Wright Puneet Dwivedi |
| author_facet | John L. Field John L. Field Yao Zhang Ernie Marx Kenneth J. Boote Mark Easter Sheeja George Nahal Hoghooghi Glenn Johnston Farhad Hossain Masum Michael J. Mulvaney Keith Paustian Keith Paustian Ramdeo Seepaul Amy Swan Steve Williams David Wright Puneet Dwivedi |
| author_sort | John L. Field |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) production from lipids is a technologically mature approach for replacing conventional fossil fuel use in the aviation sector, and there is increasing demand for such feedstocks. The oilseed Brassica carinata (known as Ethiopian mustard or simply carinata) is a promising SAF feedstock that can be grown as a supplemental cash crop over the winter fallow season of various annual crop rotations in the Southeast US, avoiding land use changes and potentially achieving some of the soil carbon sequestration and ecosystem service benefits of winter cover crops. However, carinata may require more intensive management than traditional cover crops, potentially leading to additional soil greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions through increased carbon losses from soil tillage and nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from nitrogen fertilizer application. In this work, the 2017 version of the process-based DayCent ecosystem model was used to establish initial expectations for the total regional SAF production potential and associated soil GHG emissions when carinata is integrated as a winter crop into the existing crop rotations across its current suitability range in southern Alabama, southern Georgia, and northern Florida. Using data from academic and industry carinata field trials in the region, DayCent was calibrated to reproduce carinata yield, nitrogen response, harvest index, and biomass carbon-to-nitrogen ratio. The resulting model was then used to simulate the integration of carinata every third winter across all 2.1 Mha of actively cultivated cropland in the study area. The model predicted regional average yields of 2.9–3.0 Mg carinata seed per hectare depending on crop management assumptions. That results in the production of more than two million Mg of carinata seed annually across the study area, enough to supply approximately one billion liters of SAF. Conventional management of carinata led to only modest increases in soil carbon storage that were largely offset by additional N2O emissions. Climate-smart management via adopting no-till carinata establishment or using poultry litter as a nitrogen source resulted in a substantial net soil GHG sink (0.23–0.31 Mg CO2e ha−1 y−1, or 0.24–0.32 Mg CO2e per Mg of seed produced) at the farms where carinata is cultivated. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-12T21:43:18Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-4f27a68452d142699532a52410405c51 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2296-598X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-12T21:43:18Z |
| publishDate | 2022-04-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Energy Research |
| spelling | doaj.art-4f27a68452d142699532a52410405c512022-12-22T00:11:00ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Energy Research2296-598X2022-04-011010.3389/fenrg.2022.837883837883Modeling Yield, Biogenic Emissions, and Carbon Sequestration in Southeastern Cropping Systems With Winter CarinataJohn L. Field0John L. Field1Yao Zhang2Ernie Marx3Kenneth J. Boote4Mark Easter5Sheeja George6Nahal Hoghooghi7Glenn Johnston8Farhad Hossain Masum9Michael J. Mulvaney10Keith Paustian11Keith Paustian12Ramdeo Seepaul13Amy Swan14Steve Williams15David Wright16Puneet Dwivedi17Bioresource Science & Engineering Group, Environmental Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, United StatesNatural Resource Ecology Laboratory, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United StatesNatural Resource Ecology Laboratory, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United StatesNatural Resource Ecology Laboratory, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United StatesDepartment of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United StatesNatural Resource Ecology Laboratory, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United StatesNorth Florida Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Quincy, FL, United StatesSchool of Environmental, Civil, Agricultural, and Mechanical Engineering, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United StatesNuseed, West Sacramento, CA, United StatesWarnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United StatesDepartment of Plant and Soil Sciences, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS, United StatesNatural Resource Ecology Laboratory, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United StatesDepartment of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United StatesNorth Florida Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Quincy, FL, United StatesNatural Resource Ecology Laboratory, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United StatesNatural Resource Ecology Laboratory, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United StatesNorth Florida Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Quincy, FL, United StatesWarnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United StatesSustainable aviation fuel (SAF) production from lipids is a technologically mature approach for replacing conventional fossil fuel use in the aviation sector, and there is increasing demand for such feedstocks. The oilseed Brassica carinata (known as Ethiopian mustard or simply carinata) is a promising SAF feedstock that can be grown as a supplemental cash crop over the winter fallow season of various annual crop rotations in the Southeast US, avoiding land use changes and potentially achieving some of the soil carbon sequestration and ecosystem service benefits of winter cover crops. However, carinata may require more intensive management than traditional cover crops, potentially leading to additional soil greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions through increased carbon losses from soil tillage and nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from nitrogen fertilizer application. In this work, the 2017 version of the process-based DayCent ecosystem model was used to establish initial expectations for the total regional SAF production potential and associated soil GHG emissions when carinata is integrated as a winter crop into the existing crop rotations across its current suitability range in southern Alabama, southern Georgia, and northern Florida. Using data from academic and industry carinata field trials in the region, DayCent was calibrated to reproduce carinata yield, nitrogen response, harvest index, and biomass carbon-to-nitrogen ratio. The resulting model was then used to simulate the integration of carinata every third winter across all 2.1 Mha of actively cultivated cropland in the study area. The model predicted regional average yields of 2.9–3.0 Mg carinata seed per hectare depending on crop management assumptions. That results in the production of more than two million Mg of carinata seed annually across the study area, enough to supply approximately one billion liters of SAF. Conventional management of carinata led to only modest increases in soil carbon storage that were largely offset by additional N2O emissions. Climate-smart management via adopting no-till carinata establishment or using poultry litter as a nitrogen source resulted in a substantial net soil GHG sink (0.23–0.31 Mg CO2e ha−1 y−1, or 0.24–0.32 Mg CO2e per Mg of seed produced) at the farms where carinata is cultivated.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fenrg.2022.837883/fullcarinatawinter oilseedsoil carbonecosystem modelingDaycent modelsustainable aviation fuel |
| spellingShingle | John L. Field John L. Field Yao Zhang Ernie Marx Kenneth J. Boote Mark Easter Sheeja George Nahal Hoghooghi Glenn Johnston Farhad Hossain Masum Michael J. Mulvaney Keith Paustian Keith Paustian Ramdeo Seepaul Amy Swan Steve Williams David Wright Puneet Dwivedi Modeling Yield, Biogenic Emissions, and Carbon Sequestration in Southeastern Cropping Systems With Winter Carinata Frontiers in Energy Research carinata winter oilseed soil carbon ecosystem modeling Daycent model sustainable aviation fuel |
| title | Modeling Yield, Biogenic Emissions, and Carbon Sequestration in Southeastern Cropping Systems With Winter Carinata |
| title_full | Modeling Yield, Biogenic Emissions, and Carbon Sequestration in Southeastern Cropping Systems With Winter Carinata |
| title_fullStr | Modeling Yield, Biogenic Emissions, and Carbon Sequestration in Southeastern Cropping Systems With Winter Carinata |
| title_full_unstemmed | Modeling Yield, Biogenic Emissions, and Carbon Sequestration in Southeastern Cropping Systems With Winter Carinata |
| title_short | Modeling Yield, Biogenic Emissions, and Carbon Sequestration in Southeastern Cropping Systems With Winter Carinata |
| title_sort | modeling yield biogenic emissions and carbon sequestration in southeastern cropping systems with winter carinata |
| topic | carinata winter oilseed soil carbon ecosystem modeling Daycent model sustainable aviation fuel |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fenrg.2022.837883/full |
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