Plant Xyloglucan Xyloglucosyl Transferases and the Cell Wall Structure: Subtle but Significant
Plant xyloglucan xyloglucosyl transferases or xyloglucan endo-transglycosylases (XET; EC 2.4.1.207) catalogued in the glycoside hydrolase family 16 constitute cell wall-modifying enzymes that play a fundamental role in the cell wall expansion and re-modelling. Over the past thirty years, it has been...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2020-11-01
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| Series: | Molecules |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/25/23/5619 |
| _version_ | 1797546289903173632 |
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| author | Barbora Stratilová Stanislav Kozmon Eva Stratilová Maria Hrmova |
| author_facet | Barbora Stratilová Stanislav Kozmon Eva Stratilová Maria Hrmova |
| author_sort | Barbora Stratilová |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Plant xyloglucan xyloglucosyl transferases or xyloglucan endo-transglycosylases (XET; EC 2.4.1.207) catalogued in the glycoside hydrolase family 16 constitute cell wall-modifying enzymes that play a fundamental role in the cell wall expansion and re-modelling. Over the past thirty years, it has been established that XET enzymes catalyse homo-transglycosylation reactions with xyloglucan (XG)-derived substrates and hetero-transglycosylation reactions with neutral and charged donor and acceptor substrates other than XG-derived. This broad specificity in XET isoforms is credited to a high degree of structural and catalytic plasticity that has evolved ubiquitously in algal, moss, fern, basic Angiosperm, monocot, and eudicot enzymes. These XET isoforms constitute gene families that are differentially expressed in tissues in time- and space-dependent manners during plant growth and development, and in response to biotic and abiotic stresses. Here, we discuss the current state of knowledge of broad specific plant XET enzymes and how their inherently carbohydrate-based transglycosylation reactions tightly link with structural diversity that underlies the complexity of plant cell walls and their mechanics. Based on this knowledge, we conclude that multi- or poly-specific XET enzymes are widespread in plants to allow for modifications of the cell wall structure in muro, a feature that implements the multifaceted roles in plant cells. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T14:27:03Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-4f2a2b69c6b54b019e40b85fa878cc93 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1420-3049 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T14:27:03Z |
| publishDate | 2020-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Molecules |
| spelling | doaj.art-4f2a2b69c6b54b019e40b85fa878cc932023-11-20T22:51:41ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492020-11-012523561910.3390/molecules25235619Plant Xyloglucan Xyloglucosyl Transferases and the Cell Wall Structure: Subtle but SignificantBarbora Stratilová0Stanislav Kozmon1Eva Stratilová2Maria Hrmova3Institute of Chemistry, Centre for Glycomics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, SK-84538 Bratislava, SlovakiaInstitute of Chemistry, Centre for Glycomics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, SK-84538 Bratislava, SlovakiaInstitute of Chemistry, Centre for Glycomics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, SK-84538 Bratislava, SlovakiaSchool of Life Science, Huaiyin Normal University, Huai’an 223300, ChinaPlant xyloglucan xyloglucosyl transferases or xyloglucan endo-transglycosylases (XET; EC 2.4.1.207) catalogued in the glycoside hydrolase family 16 constitute cell wall-modifying enzymes that play a fundamental role in the cell wall expansion and re-modelling. Over the past thirty years, it has been established that XET enzymes catalyse homo-transglycosylation reactions with xyloglucan (XG)-derived substrates and hetero-transglycosylation reactions with neutral and charged donor and acceptor substrates other than XG-derived. This broad specificity in XET isoforms is credited to a high degree of structural and catalytic plasticity that has evolved ubiquitously in algal, moss, fern, basic Angiosperm, monocot, and eudicot enzymes. These XET isoforms constitute gene families that are differentially expressed in tissues in time- and space-dependent manners during plant growth and development, and in response to biotic and abiotic stresses. Here, we discuss the current state of knowledge of broad specific plant XET enzymes and how their inherently carbohydrate-based transglycosylation reactions tightly link with structural diversity that underlies the complexity of plant cell walls and their mechanics. Based on this knowledge, we conclude that multi- or poly-specific XET enzymes are widespread in plants to allow for modifications of the cell wall structure in muro, a feature that implements the multifaceted roles in plant cells.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/25/23/5619enzyme structure and functionGH16 familyhomo- and hetero-transglycosylation reactionsmolecular modelling and simulationsplant cell walls loosening and re-modelling |
| spellingShingle | Barbora Stratilová Stanislav Kozmon Eva Stratilová Maria Hrmova Plant Xyloglucan Xyloglucosyl Transferases and the Cell Wall Structure: Subtle but Significant Molecules enzyme structure and function GH16 family homo- and hetero-transglycosylation reactions molecular modelling and simulations plant cell walls loosening and re-modelling |
| title | Plant Xyloglucan Xyloglucosyl Transferases and the Cell Wall Structure: Subtle but Significant |
| title_full | Plant Xyloglucan Xyloglucosyl Transferases and the Cell Wall Structure: Subtle but Significant |
| title_fullStr | Plant Xyloglucan Xyloglucosyl Transferases and the Cell Wall Structure: Subtle but Significant |
| title_full_unstemmed | Plant Xyloglucan Xyloglucosyl Transferases and the Cell Wall Structure: Subtle but Significant |
| title_short | Plant Xyloglucan Xyloglucosyl Transferases and the Cell Wall Structure: Subtle but Significant |
| title_sort | plant xyloglucan xyloglucosyl transferases and the cell wall structure subtle but significant |
| topic | enzyme structure and function GH16 family homo- and hetero-transglycosylation reactions molecular modelling and simulations plant cell walls loosening and re-modelling |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/25/23/5619 |
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