Hydrogen Recovery by Mixed Matrix Membranes Made from 6FCl-APAF HPA with Different Contents of a Porous Polymer Network and Their Thermal Rearrangement
Mixed matrix membranes (MMMs) consisting of a blend of a hydroxypolyamide (HPA) matrix and variable loads of a porous polymer network (PPN) were thermally treated to induce the transformation of HPA to polybenzoxazole (β-TR-PBO). Here, the HPA matrix was a hydroxypolyamide having two hexafluoropropy...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-12-01
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| Series: | Polymers |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/13/24/4343 |
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| author | Cenit Soto Edwin S. Torres-Cuevas Alfonso González-Ortega Laura Palacio Pedro Prádanos Benny D. Freeman Ángel E. Lozano Antonio Hernandez |
| author_facet | Cenit Soto Edwin S. Torres-Cuevas Alfonso González-Ortega Laura Palacio Pedro Prádanos Benny D. Freeman Ángel E. Lozano Antonio Hernandez |
| author_sort | Cenit Soto |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Mixed matrix membranes (MMMs) consisting of a blend of a hydroxypolyamide (HPA) matrix and variable loads of a porous polymer network (PPN) were thermally treated to induce the transformation of HPA to polybenzoxazole (β-TR-PBO). Here, the HPA matrix was a hydroxypolyamide having two hexafluoropropyilidene moieties, 6FCl-APAF, while the PPN was prepared by reacting triptycene (TRP) and trifluoroacetophenone (TFAP) in a superacid solution. The most probable size of the PPN particles was 75 nm with quite large distributions. The resulting membranes were analyzed by SEM and AFM. Up to 30% PPN loads, both SEM and AFM images confirmed quite planar surfaces, at low scale, with limited roughness. Membranes with high hydrogen permeability and good selectivity for the gas pairs H<sub>2</sub>/CH<sub>4</sub> and H<sub>2</sub>/N<sub>2</sub> were obtained. For H<sub>2</sub>/CO<sub>2</sub>, selectivity almost vanished after thermal rearrangement. In all cases, their hydrogen permeability increased with increasing loads of PPN until around 30% PPN with ulterior fairly abrupt decreasing of permeability for all gases studied. Thermal rearrangement of the MMMs resulted in higher permeabilities but lower selectivities. For all the membranes and gas pairs studied, the balance of permeability vs. selectivity surpassed the 1991 Robeson’s upper bound, and approached or even exceeded the 2008 line, for MMMs having 30% PPN loads. In all cases, the HPA-MMMs before thermal rearrangement provided good selectivity versus permeability compromise, similar to their thermally rearranged counterparts but in the zone of high selectivity. For H<sub>2</sub>/CH<sub>4</sub>, H<sub>2</sub>/N<sub>2</sub>, these nonthermally rearranged MMMs approach the 2008 Robeson’s upper bound while H<sub>2</sub>/CO<sub>2</sub> gives selective transport favoring H<sub>2</sub> on the 1991 Robeson’s bound. Thus, attending to the energy cost of thermal rearrangement, it could be avoided in some cases especially when high selectivity is the target rather than high permeability. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T03:15:27Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-4f2b7ad383cc4ef38a11463843ea0d02 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4360 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T03:15:27Z |
| publishDate | 2021-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Polymers |
| spelling | doaj.art-4f2b7ad383cc4ef38a11463843ea0d022023-11-23T10:15:00ZengMDPI AGPolymers2073-43602021-12-011324434310.3390/polym13244343Hydrogen Recovery by Mixed Matrix Membranes Made from 6FCl-APAF HPA with Different Contents of a Porous Polymer Network and Their Thermal RearrangementCenit Soto0Edwin S. Torres-Cuevas1Alfonso González-Ortega2Laura Palacio3Pedro Prádanos4Benny D. Freeman5Ángel E. Lozano6Antonio Hernandez7Surfaces and Porous Materials (SMAP), Associated Research Unit to CSIC, Facultad de Ciencias, University of Valladolid, Paseo Belén 7, E-47011 Valladolid, SpainMcKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, 200 E Dean Keeton St., Austin, TX 78712, USADepartment of Organic Chemistry, School of Sciences, Facultad de Ciencias, University of Valladolid, Paseo Belén 7, E-47011 Valladolid, SpainSurfaces and Porous Materials (SMAP), Associated Research Unit to CSIC, Facultad de Ciencias, University of Valladolid, Paseo Belén 7, E-47011 Valladolid, SpainSurfaces and Porous Materials (SMAP), Associated Research Unit to CSIC, Facultad de Ciencias, University of Valladolid, Paseo Belén 7, E-47011 Valladolid, SpainMcKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, 200 E Dean Keeton St., Austin, TX 78712, USASurfaces and Porous Materials (SMAP), Associated Research Unit to CSIC, Facultad de Ciencias, University of Valladolid, Paseo Belén 7, E-47011 Valladolid, SpainSurfaces and Porous Materials (SMAP), Associated Research Unit to CSIC, Facultad de Ciencias, University of Valladolid, Paseo Belén 7, E-47011 Valladolid, SpainMixed matrix membranes (MMMs) consisting of a blend of a hydroxypolyamide (HPA) matrix and variable loads of a porous polymer network (PPN) were thermally treated to induce the transformation of HPA to polybenzoxazole (β-TR-PBO). Here, the HPA matrix was a hydroxypolyamide having two hexafluoropropyilidene moieties, 6FCl-APAF, while the PPN was prepared by reacting triptycene (TRP) and trifluoroacetophenone (TFAP) in a superacid solution. The most probable size of the PPN particles was 75 nm with quite large distributions. The resulting membranes were analyzed by SEM and AFM. Up to 30% PPN loads, both SEM and AFM images confirmed quite planar surfaces, at low scale, with limited roughness. Membranes with high hydrogen permeability and good selectivity for the gas pairs H<sub>2</sub>/CH<sub>4</sub> and H<sub>2</sub>/N<sub>2</sub> were obtained. For H<sub>2</sub>/CO<sub>2</sub>, selectivity almost vanished after thermal rearrangement. In all cases, their hydrogen permeability increased with increasing loads of PPN until around 30% PPN with ulterior fairly abrupt decreasing of permeability for all gases studied. Thermal rearrangement of the MMMs resulted in higher permeabilities but lower selectivities. For all the membranes and gas pairs studied, the balance of permeability vs. selectivity surpassed the 1991 Robeson’s upper bound, and approached or even exceeded the 2008 line, for MMMs having 30% PPN loads. In all cases, the HPA-MMMs before thermal rearrangement provided good selectivity versus permeability compromise, similar to their thermally rearranged counterparts but in the zone of high selectivity. For H<sub>2</sub>/CH<sub>4</sub>, H<sub>2</sub>/N<sub>2</sub>, these nonthermally rearranged MMMs approach the 2008 Robeson’s upper bound while H<sub>2</sub>/CO<sub>2</sub> gives selective transport favoring H<sub>2</sub> on the 1991 Robeson’s bound. Thus, attending to the energy cost of thermal rearrangement, it could be avoided in some cases especially when high selectivity is the target rather than high permeability.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/13/24/4343mixed matrix membranesgas separationhydrogen separationthermal rearrangementporous polymer network |
| spellingShingle | Cenit Soto Edwin S. Torres-Cuevas Alfonso González-Ortega Laura Palacio Pedro Prádanos Benny D. Freeman Ángel E. Lozano Antonio Hernandez Hydrogen Recovery by Mixed Matrix Membranes Made from 6FCl-APAF HPA with Different Contents of a Porous Polymer Network and Their Thermal Rearrangement Polymers mixed matrix membranes gas separation hydrogen separation thermal rearrangement porous polymer network |
| title | Hydrogen Recovery by Mixed Matrix Membranes Made from 6FCl-APAF HPA with Different Contents of a Porous Polymer Network and Their Thermal Rearrangement |
| title_full | Hydrogen Recovery by Mixed Matrix Membranes Made from 6FCl-APAF HPA with Different Contents of a Porous Polymer Network and Their Thermal Rearrangement |
| title_fullStr | Hydrogen Recovery by Mixed Matrix Membranes Made from 6FCl-APAF HPA with Different Contents of a Porous Polymer Network and Their Thermal Rearrangement |
| title_full_unstemmed | Hydrogen Recovery by Mixed Matrix Membranes Made from 6FCl-APAF HPA with Different Contents of a Porous Polymer Network and Their Thermal Rearrangement |
| title_short | Hydrogen Recovery by Mixed Matrix Membranes Made from 6FCl-APAF HPA with Different Contents of a Porous Polymer Network and Their Thermal Rearrangement |
| title_sort | hydrogen recovery by mixed matrix membranes made from 6fcl apaf hpa with different contents of a porous polymer network and their thermal rearrangement |
| topic | mixed matrix membranes gas separation hydrogen separation thermal rearrangement porous polymer network |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/13/24/4343 |
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