Sustainable Engineered Design and Scalable Manufacturing of Upcycled Graphene Reinforced Polylactic Acid/Polyurethane Blend Composites Having Shape Memory Behavior
Material design in shape memory polymers (SMPs) carries significant importance in attaining high performance and adjusting the interface between additive and host polymer matrix to increase the degree of recovery. Herein, the main challenge is to enhance the interfacial interactions to provide rever...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-02-01
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| Series: | Polymers |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/15/5/1085 |
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| author | Busra Cetiner Gulayse Sahin Dundar Yusuf Yusufoglu Burcu Saner Okan |
| author_facet | Busra Cetiner Gulayse Sahin Dundar Yusuf Yusufoglu Burcu Saner Okan |
| author_sort | Busra Cetiner |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Material design in shape memory polymers (SMPs) carries significant importance in attaining high performance and adjusting the interface between additive and host polymer matrix to increase the degree of recovery. Herein, the main challenge is to enhance the interfacial interactions to provide reversibility during deformation. The present work describes a newly designed composite structure by manufacturing a high-degree biobased and thermally induced shape memory polylactic acid (PLA)/thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) blend incorporated with graphene nanoplatelets obtained from waste tires. In this design, blending with TPU enhances flexibility, and adding GNP provides functionality in terms of mechanical and thermal properties by enhancing circularity and sustainability approaches. The present work provides a scalable compounding approach for industrial applications of GNP at high shear rates during the melt mixing of single/blend polymer matrices. By evaluating the mechanical performance of the PLA and TPU blend composite composition at a 9:1 weight percentage, the optimum GNP amount was defined as 0.5 wt%. The flexural strength of the developed composite structure was enhanced by 24% and the thermal conductivity by 15%. In addition, a 99.8% shape fixity ratio and a 99.58% recovery ratio were attained within 4 min, resulting in the spectacular enhancement of GNP attainment. This study provides an opportunity to understand the acting mechanism of upcycled GNP in improving composite formulations and to develop a new perspective on the sustainability of PLA/TPU blend composites with an increased biobased degree and shape memory behavior. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T07:13:32Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-4f4aef05d6534970bae7824b35e57463 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4360 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T07:13:32Z |
| publishDate | 2023-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Polymers |
| spelling | doaj.art-4f4aef05d6534970bae7824b35e574632023-11-17T08:25:55ZengMDPI AGPolymers2073-43602023-02-01155108510.3390/polym15051085Sustainable Engineered Design and Scalable Manufacturing of Upcycled Graphene Reinforced Polylactic Acid/Polyurethane Blend Composites Having Shape Memory BehaviorBusra Cetiner0Gulayse Sahin Dundar1Yusuf Yusufoglu2Burcu Saner Okan3Integrated Manufacturing Technologies Research and Application Center & Composite Technologies Center of Excellence, Manufacturing Technologies, Sabanci University, Teknopark Istanbul, Istanbul 34906, TurkeyIntegrated Manufacturing Technologies Research and Application Center & Composite Technologies Center of Excellence, Manufacturing Technologies, Sabanci University, Teknopark Istanbul, Istanbul 34906, TurkeyAdel Kalemcilik Ticaret ve Sanayi A.S., Kocaeli 41480, TurkeyIntegrated Manufacturing Technologies Research and Application Center & Composite Technologies Center of Excellence, Manufacturing Technologies, Sabanci University, Teknopark Istanbul, Istanbul 34906, TurkeyMaterial design in shape memory polymers (SMPs) carries significant importance in attaining high performance and adjusting the interface between additive and host polymer matrix to increase the degree of recovery. Herein, the main challenge is to enhance the interfacial interactions to provide reversibility during deformation. The present work describes a newly designed composite structure by manufacturing a high-degree biobased and thermally induced shape memory polylactic acid (PLA)/thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) blend incorporated with graphene nanoplatelets obtained from waste tires. In this design, blending with TPU enhances flexibility, and adding GNP provides functionality in terms of mechanical and thermal properties by enhancing circularity and sustainability approaches. The present work provides a scalable compounding approach for industrial applications of GNP at high shear rates during the melt mixing of single/blend polymer matrices. By evaluating the mechanical performance of the PLA and TPU blend composite composition at a 9:1 weight percentage, the optimum GNP amount was defined as 0.5 wt%. The flexural strength of the developed composite structure was enhanced by 24% and the thermal conductivity by 15%. In addition, a 99.8% shape fixity ratio and a 99.58% recovery ratio were attained within 4 min, resulting in the spectacular enhancement of GNP attainment. This study provides an opportunity to understand the acting mechanism of upcycled GNP in improving composite formulations and to develop a new perspective on the sustainability of PLA/TPU blend composites with an increased biobased degree and shape memory behavior.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/15/5/1085shape memory polymerblended polymer compositesupcycled graphene |
| spellingShingle | Busra Cetiner Gulayse Sahin Dundar Yusuf Yusufoglu Burcu Saner Okan Sustainable Engineered Design and Scalable Manufacturing of Upcycled Graphene Reinforced Polylactic Acid/Polyurethane Blend Composites Having Shape Memory Behavior Polymers shape memory polymer blended polymer composites upcycled graphene |
| title | Sustainable Engineered Design and Scalable Manufacturing of Upcycled Graphene Reinforced Polylactic Acid/Polyurethane Blend Composites Having Shape Memory Behavior |
| title_full | Sustainable Engineered Design and Scalable Manufacturing of Upcycled Graphene Reinforced Polylactic Acid/Polyurethane Blend Composites Having Shape Memory Behavior |
| title_fullStr | Sustainable Engineered Design and Scalable Manufacturing of Upcycled Graphene Reinforced Polylactic Acid/Polyurethane Blend Composites Having Shape Memory Behavior |
| title_full_unstemmed | Sustainable Engineered Design and Scalable Manufacturing of Upcycled Graphene Reinforced Polylactic Acid/Polyurethane Blend Composites Having Shape Memory Behavior |
| title_short | Sustainable Engineered Design and Scalable Manufacturing of Upcycled Graphene Reinforced Polylactic Acid/Polyurethane Blend Composites Having Shape Memory Behavior |
| title_sort | sustainable engineered design and scalable manufacturing of upcycled graphene reinforced polylactic acid polyurethane blend composites having shape memory behavior |
| topic | shape memory polymer blended polymer composites upcycled graphene |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/15/5/1085 |
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