<i>Salicornia ramosissima</i> Bioactive Composition and Safety: Eco-Friendly Extractions Approach (Microwave-Assisted Extraction vs. Conventional Maceration)
<i>Salicornia ramosissima</i> J.Woods is an edible halophyte, widely distributed in the Portuguese salt marsh that has been under valorized. The aim of this study is to expand the knowledge regarding <i>S. ramosissima</i> bioactive composition and safety, highlighting its pot...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2021-05-01
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| Series: | Applied Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/11/11/4744 |
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| author | Ana Margarida Silva João Pedro Lago Diana Pinto Manuela M. Moreira Clara Grosso Virgínia Cruz Fernandes Cristina Delerue-Matos Francisca Rodrigues |
| author_facet | Ana Margarida Silva João Pedro Lago Diana Pinto Manuela M. Moreira Clara Grosso Virgínia Cruz Fernandes Cristina Delerue-Matos Francisca Rodrigues |
| author_sort | Ana Margarida Silva |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <i>Salicornia ramosissima</i> J.Woods is an edible halophyte, widely distributed in the Portuguese salt marsh that has been under valorized. The aim of this study is to expand the knowledge regarding <i>S. ramosissima</i> bioactive composition and safety, highlighting its potential use as nutraceutical ingredient. Therefore, extracts obtained by conventional (CE) and microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) were characterized regarding phenolic profile, antioxidant activity, radical scavenging capacity and intestinal cell effects. Moreover, organic pesticides were screened to guarantee the consumers safety. The highest phenolic and flavonoid contents were observed for the CE, as well as the scavenging capacity of O<sub>2</sub><sup>•−</sup> (IC<sub>50</sub> = 979.36 µg/mL) and HOCl (IC<sub>50</sub> = 90.28 µg/mL). In contrast, the best antioxidant and antiradical activities were achieved by MAE (65.56 µmol FSE/g dw and 17.74 µg AAE/g dw for FRAP and ABTS assays, respectively). The phenolic composition was similar for both extracts, being characterized by the presence of phenolic acids, flavonols, flavanols, flavones and flavanones. The predominant compound for both extracts was myricetin. None of the extracts were cytotoxic in intestinal cell lines. Vestigial levels of <i>β</i>-endosulfan and p,p’-DDE were identified in MAE. These results support that <i>S. ramosissima</i> could be a source of bioactive compounds for nutraceutic industry. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T11:10:14Z |
| format | Article |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-3417 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T11:10:14Z |
| publishDate | 2021-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Applied Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-4f5084542e474d3083f41c1cd07065732023-11-21T20:49:54ZengMDPI AGApplied Sciences2076-34172021-05-011111474410.3390/app11114744<i>Salicornia ramosissima</i> Bioactive Composition and Safety: Eco-Friendly Extractions Approach (Microwave-Assisted Extraction vs. Conventional Maceration)Ana Margarida Silva0João Pedro Lago1Diana Pinto2Manuela M. Moreira3Clara Grosso4Virgínia Cruz Fernandes5Cristina Delerue-Matos6Francisca Rodrigues7REQUIMTE/LAQV-Polytechnic of Porto-School of Engineering, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 431, 4249-015 Porto, PortugalREQUIMTE/LAQV-Polytechnic of Porto-School of Engineering, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 431, 4249-015 Porto, PortugalREQUIMTE/LAQV-Polytechnic of Porto-School of Engineering, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 431, 4249-015 Porto, PortugalREQUIMTE/LAQV-Polytechnic of Porto-School of Engineering, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 431, 4249-015 Porto, PortugalREQUIMTE/LAQV-Polytechnic of Porto-School of Engineering, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 431, 4249-015 Porto, PortugalREQUIMTE/LAQV-Polytechnic of Porto-School of Engineering, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 431, 4249-015 Porto, PortugalREQUIMTE/LAQV-Polytechnic of Porto-School of Engineering, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 431, 4249-015 Porto, PortugalREQUIMTE/LAQV-Polytechnic of Porto-School of Engineering, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 431, 4249-015 Porto, Portugal<i>Salicornia ramosissima</i> J.Woods is an edible halophyte, widely distributed in the Portuguese salt marsh that has been under valorized. The aim of this study is to expand the knowledge regarding <i>S. ramosissima</i> bioactive composition and safety, highlighting its potential use as nutraceutical ingredient. Therefore, extracts obtained by conventional (CE) and microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) were characterized regarding phenolic profile, antioxidant activity, radical scavenging capacity and intestinal cell effects. Moreover, organic pesticides were screened to guarantee the consumers safety. The highest phenolic and flavonoid contents were observed for the CE, as well as the scavenging capacity of O<sub>2</sub><sup>•−</sup> (IC<sub>50</sub> = 979.36 µg/mL) and HOCl (IC<sub>50</sub> = 90.28 µg/mL). In contrast, the best antioxidant and antiradical activities were achieved by MAE (65.56 µmol FSE/g dw and 17.74 µg AAE/g dw for FRAP and ABTS assays, respectively). The phenolic composition was similar for both extracts, being characterized by the presence of phenolic acids, flavonols, flavanols, flavones and flavanones. The predominant compound for both extracts was myricetin. None of the extracts were cytotoxic in intestinal cell lines. Vestigial levels of <i>β</i>-endosulfan and p,p’-DDE were identified in MAE. These results support that <i>S. ramosissima</i> could be a source of bioactive compounds for nutraceutic industry.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/11/11/4744microwave-assisted extractionconventional extractionphenolic compoundscytotoxicityorganochlorine pesticides |
| spellingShingle | Ana Margarida Silva João Pedro Lago Diana Pinto Manuela M. Moreira Clara Grosso Virgínia Cruz Fernandes Cristina Delerue-Matos Francisca Rodrigues <i>Salicornia ramosissima</i> Bioactive Composition and Safety: Eco-Friendly Extractions Approach (Microwave-Assisted Extraction vs. Conventional Maceration) Applied Sciences microwave-assisted extraction conventional extraction phenolic compounds cytotoxicity organochlorine pesticides |
| title | <i>Salicornia ramosissima</i> Bioactive Composition and Safety: Eco-Friendly Extractions Approach (Microwave-Assisted Extraction vs. Conventional Maceration) |
| title_full | <i>Salicornia ramosissima</i> Bioactive Composition and Safety: Eco-Friendly Extractions Approach (Microwave-Assisted Extraction vs. Conventional Maceration) |
| title_fullStr | <i>Salicornia ramosissima</i> Bioactive Composition and Safety: Eco-Friendly Extractions Approach (Microwave-Assisted Extraction vs. Conventional Maceration) |
| title_full_unstemmed | <i>Salicornia ramosissima</i> Bioactive Composition and Safety: Eco-Friendly Extractions Approach (Microwave-Assisted Extraction vs. Conventional Maceration) |
| title_short | <i>Salicornia ramosissima</i> Bioactive Composition and Safety: Eco-Friendly Extractions Approach (Microwave-Assisted Extraction vs. Conventional Maceration) |
| title_sort | i salicornia ramosissima i bioactive composition and safety eco friendly extractions approach microwave assisted extraction vs conventional maceration |
| topic | microwave-assisted extraction conventional extraction phenolic compounds cytotoxicity organochlorine pesticides |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/11/11/4744 |
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