Deciphering Early Movements and Domestication of <i>Coffea arabica</i> through a Comprehensive Genetic Diversity Study Covering Ethiopia and Yemen
The coffee species <i>Coffea arabica</i> is facing numerous challenges regarding climate change, pests and disease pressure. Improved varieties will be part of the solution. Making optimal use of the scarce genetic diversity of the species is hence essential. In this paper, we present th...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-12-01
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| Series: | Agronomy |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/12/12/3203 |
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| author | Christophe Montagnon Faris Sheibani Tadesse Benti Darrin Daniel Adugna Debela Bote |
| author_facet | Christophe Montagnon Faris Sheibani Tadesse Benti Darrin Daniel Adugna Debela Bote |
| author_sort | Christophe Montagnon |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The coffee species <i>Coffea arabica</i> is facing numerous challenges regarding climate change, pests and disease pressure. Improved varieties will be part of the solution. Making optimal use of the scarce genetic diversity of the species is hence essential. In this paper, we present the first study of <i>C. arabica</i> genetic diversity covering its complete native habitat in Ethiopia together with its main domestication centers: Yemen and Hararghe region in Ethiopia. All in all, 555 samples were analyzed with a set of Single Sequence Repeat markers. Through admixture genetic analysis, six clusters were identified. A total of two “Core Ethiopian” clusters did not participate in the domestication of the species. There were four clusters that were part of the “Domestication Pathway” of <i>C. arabica</i>. The first one was named “Ethiopian Legacy” as it represents the genetic link between “Core Ethiopia” and the “Domestication Pathway” in Yemen and Hararghe. The geographic origin of this cluster in Ethiopia was the south of Ethiopia, namely Gedio, Guji and Sidama, which hence appears as the source of coffee seeds that led to the domestication of <i>C. arabica</i>. In Yemen, in addition to the “Ethiopian Legacy” cluster, we confirmed the “Typica/Bourbon” and “New-Yemen” clusters. In Hararghe, the “Harrar” cluster, never described before, likely originates from a re-introduction of domesticated coffee from Yemen into this region of Ethiopia. Cultivated varieties around the world today originate from the “Ethiopian Legacy” and “Typica/Bourbon” clusters and but none are related to the “new-Yemen” and “Harrar” clusters. Implications for breeding strategies are discussed. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T17:24:52Z |
| format | Article |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4395 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T17:24:52Z |
| publishDate | 2022-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Agronomy |
| spelling | doaj.art-4f5095808d174521b149cb86457c08e12023-11-24T12:48:12ZengMDPI AGAgronomy2073-43952022-12-011212320310.3390/agronomy12123203Deciphering Early Movements and Domestication of <i>Coffea arabica</i> through a Comprehensive Genetic Diversity Study Covering Ethiopia and YemenChristophe Montagnon0Faris Sheibani1Tadesse Benti2Darrin Daniel3Adugna Debela Bote4RD2 Vision, 60 rue du Carignan, 34270 Valflaunes, FranceQima Coffee, 21 Warren Street, Fitzrovia, London W1T 5LT, UKDepartment of Coffee Breeding and Genetics, Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research (EIAR), Jimma Research Center, Jimma, EthiopiaAlliance for Cup of Excellence, 2250 NW 22nd Ave Suite 612, Portland, OR 97210, USAEthiopia Coffee and Tea Authority, Addis Ababa, EthiopiaThe coffee species <i>Coffea arabica</i> is facing numerous challenges regarding climate change, pests and disease pressure. Improved varieties will be part of the solution. Making optimal use of the scarce genetic diversity of the species is hence essential. In this paper, we present the first study of <i>C. arabica</i> genetic diversity covering its complete native habitat in Ethiopia together with its main domestication centers: Yemen and Hararghe region in Ethiopia. All in all, 555 samples were analyzed with a set of Single Sequence Repeat markers. Through admixture genetic analysis, six clusters were identified. A total of two “Core Ethiopian” clusters did not participate in the domestication of the species. There were four clusters that were part of the “Domestication Pathway” of <i>C. arabica</i>. The first one was named “Ethiopian Legacy” as it represents the genetic link between “Core Ethiopia” and the “Domestication Pathway” in Yemen and Hararghe. The geographic origin of this cluster in Ethiopia was the south of Ethiopia, namely Gedio, Guji and Sidama, which hence appears as the source of coffee seeds that led to the domestication of <i>C. arabica</i>. In Yemen, in addition to the “Ethiopian Legacy” cluster, we confirmed the “Typica/Bourbon” and “New-Yemen” clusters. In Hararghe, the “Harrar” cluster, never described before, likely originates from a re-introduction of domesticated coffee from Yemen into this region of Ethiopia. Cultivated varieties around the world today originate from the “Ethiopian Legacy” and “Typica/Bourbon” clusters and but none are related to the “new-Yemen” and “Harrar” clusters. Implications for breeding strategies are discussed.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/12/12/3203breedinggene flowgenetic bottleneck |
| spellingShingle | Christophe Montagnon Faris Sheibani Tadesse Benti Darrin Daniel Adugna Debela Bote Deciphering Early Movements and Domestication of <i>Coffea arabica</i> through a Comprehensive Genetic Diversity Study Covering Ethiopia and Yemen Agronomy breeding gene flow genetic bottleneck |
| title | Deciphering Early Movements and Domestication of <i>Coffea arabica</i> through a Comprehensive Genetic Diversity Study Covering Ethiopia and Yemen |
| title_full | Deciphering Early Movements and Domestication of <i>Coffea arabica</i> through a Comprehensive Genetic Diversity Study Covering Ethiopia and Yemen |
| title_fullStr | Deciphering Early Movements and Domestication of <i>Coffea arabica</i> through a Comprehensive Genetic Diversity Study Covering Ethiopia and Yemen |
| title_full_unstemmed | Deciphering Early Movements and Domestication of <i>Coffea arabica</i> through a Comprehensive Genetic Diversity Study Covering Ethiopia and Yemen |
| title_short | Deciphering Early Movements and Domestication of <i>Coffea arabica</i> through a Comprehensive Genetic Diversity Study Covering Ethiopia and Yemen |
| title_sort | deciphering early movements and domestication of i coffea arabica i through a comprehensive genetic diversity study covering ethiopia and yemen |
| topic | breeding gene flow genetic bottleneck |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/12/12/3203 |
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