Nanoporous Gold Monolith for High Loading of Unmodified Doxorubicin and Sustained Co-Release of Doxorubicin-Rapamycin
Nanoparticles (NPs) have been widely explored for delivering doxorubicin (DOX), an anticancer drug, to minimize cardiotoxicity. However, their efficiency is marred by a necessity to chemically modify DOX, NPs, or both and low deposition of the administered NPs on tumors. Therefore, alternative strat...
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MDPI AG
2021-01-01
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| Series: | Nanomaterials |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/11/1/208 |
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| author | Jay K. Bhattarai Dharmendra Neupane Bishal Nepal Alexei V. Demchenko Keith J. Stine |
| author_facet | Jay K. Bhattarai Dharmendra Neupane Bishal Nepal Alexei V. Demchenko Keith J. Stine |
| author_sort | Jay K. Bhattarai |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Nanoparticles (NPs) have been widely explored for delivering doxorubicin (DOX), an anticancer drug, to minimize cardiotoxicity. However, their efficiency is marred by a necessity to chemically modify DOX, NPs, or both and low deposition of the administered NPs on tumors. Therefore, alternative strategies should be developed to improve therapeutic efficacy and decrease toxicity. Here we report the possibility of employing a monolithic nanoporous gold (np-Au) rod as an implant for delivering DOX. The np-Au has very high DOX encapsulation efficiency (>98%) with maximum loading of 93.4 mg cm<sup>−3</sup> without any chemical modification required of DOX or np-Au. We provide a plausible mechanism for the high loading of DOX in np-Au. The DOX sustained release for 26 days from np-Au in different pH conditions at 37 °C, which was monitored using UV-Vis spectroscopy. Additionally, we encased the DOX-loaded np-Au with rapamycin (RAPA)-trapped poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) to fabricate an np-Au@PLGA/RAPA implant and optimized the combinatorial release of DOX and RAPA. Further exploiting the effect of the protein corona around np-Au and np-Au@PLGA/RAPA showed zero-order release kinetics of DOX. This work proves that the np-Au-based implant has the potential to be used as a DOX carrier of potential use in cancer treatment. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T04:43:52Z |
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| id | doaj.art-4f574ec7504f4b1289e032d1f61cc6bb |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2079-4991 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T04:43:52Z |
| publishDate | 2021-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Nanomaterials |
| spelling | doaj.art-4f574ec7504f4b1289e032d1f61cc6bb2023-12-03T13:18:16ZengMDPI AGNanomaterials2079-49912021-01-0111120810.3390/nano11010208Nanoporous Gold Monolith for High Loading of Unmodified Doxorubicin and Sustained Co-Release of Doxorubicin-RapamycinJay K. Bhattarai0Dharmendra Neupane1Bishal Nepal2Alexei V. Demchenko3Keith J. Stine4Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Missouri—St. Louis, Saint Louis, MO 63121, USADepartment of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Missouri—St. Louis, Saint Louis, MO 63121, USADepartment of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Missouri—St. Louis, Saint Louis, MO 63121, USADepartment of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Missouri—St. Louis, Saint Louis, MO 63121, USADepartment of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Missouri—St. Louis, Saint Louis, MO 63121, USANanoparticles (NPs) have been widely explored for delivering doxorubicin (DOX), an anticancer drug, to minimize cardiotoxicity. However, their efficiency is marred by a necessity to chemically modify DOX, NPs, or both and low deposition of the administered NPs on tumors. Therefore, alternative strategies should be developed to improve therapeutic efficacy and decrease toxicity. Here we report the possibility of employing a monolithic nanoporous gold (np-Au) rod as an implant for delivering DOX. The np-Au has very high DOX encapsulation efficiency (>98%) with maximum loading of 93.4 mg cm<sup>−3</sup> without any chemical modification required of DOX or np-Au. We provide a plausible mechanism for the high loading of DOX in np-Au. The DOX sustained release for 26 days from np-Au in different pH conditions at 37 °C, which was monitored using UV-Vis spectroscopy. Additionally, we encased the DOX-loaded np-Au with rapamycin (RAPA)-trapped poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) to fabricate an np-Au@PLGA/RAPA implant and optimized the combinatorial release of DOX and RAPA. Further exploiting the effect of the protein corona around np-Au and np-Au@PLGA/RAPA showed zero-order release kinetics of DOX. This work proves that the np-Au-based implant has the potential to be used as a DOX carrier of potential use in cancer treatment.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/11/1/208nanoporous goldimplantdoxorubicinrapamycinsustained drug release |
| spellingShingle | Jay K. Bhattarai Dharmendra Neupane Bishal Nepal Alexei V. Demchenko Keith J. Stine Nanoporous Gold Monolith for High Loading of Unmodified Doxorubicin and Sustained Co-Release of Doxorubicin-Rapamycin Nanomaterials nanoporous gold implant doxorubicin rapamycin sustained drug release |
| title | Nanoporous Gold Monolith for High Loading of Unmodified Doxorubicin and Sustained Co-Release of Doxorubicin-Rapamycin |
| title_full | Nanoporous Gold Monolith for High Loading of Unmodified Doxorubicin and Sustained Co-Release of Doxorubicin-Rapamycin |
| title_fullStr | Nanoporous Gold Monolith for High Loading of Unmodified Doxorubicin and Sustained Co-Release of Doxorubicin-Rapamycin |
| title_full_unstemmed | Nanoporous Gold Monolith for High Loading of Unmodified Doxorubicin and Sustained Co-Release of Doxorubicin-Rapamycin |
| title_short | Nanoporous Gold Monolith for High Loading of Unmodified Doxorubicin and Sustained Co-Release of Doxorubicin-Rapamycin |
| title_sort | nanoporous gold monolith for high loading of unmodified doxorubicin and sustained co release of doxorubicin rapamycin |
| topic | nanoporous gold implant doxorubicin rapamycin sustained drug release |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/11/1/208 |
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