Revealing Lithiation Kinetics and Battery Degradation Pathway in LiMn<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>-Based Commercial Cathodes via Electrochemical Strain Microscopy
The capacity fade during the cycling of lithium batteries is a key factor limiting further progress in the improvement of electric vehicles, wearable electronic devices, alternative energy sources, etc. One of the main reasons for capacity loss is battery cathode degradation, which significantly inf...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-11-01
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| Series: | Batteries |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2313-0105/8/11/220 |
| _version_ | 1797469055952617472 |
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| author | Denis Alikin Boris Slautin Andrei Kholkin |
| author_facet | Denis Alikin Boris Slautin Andrei Kholkin |
| author_sort | Denis Alikin |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The capacity fade during the cycling of lithium batteries is a key factor limiting further progress in the improvement of electric vehicles, wearable electronic devices, alternative energy sources, etc. One of the main reasons for capacity loss is battery cathode degradation, which significantly influences the battery lifetime. Despite in-depth knowledge of battery degradation at the chemical level, the kinetics of the degradation at the resolution of the individual elements of the cathode are not fully understood. Here, we studied lithiation kinetics in commercial cathodes based on lithium manganese spinel using the electrochemical strain microscopy local method. Supported by the experimental finding, the “viscous fingers” model of lithium ions intercalation–deintercalation in individual particles of the cathode was proposed. The non-linear dynamics of the lithiation front were suggested to be stimulated by the non-uniform stress field and gradient of the chemical potential. Irregularity of the lithiation front causes the formation of the residual lithiated pocket in the delithiated particles, which effectively reduces the volume available for chemical reaction. The obtained results shed further light on the degradation of the lithium battery cathodes and can be applicable for other cathode materials. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T19:16:02Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-4f5ee4a9e914489ea2601998ff69b2af |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2313-0105 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T19:16:02Z |
| publishDate | 2022-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Batteries |
| spelling | doaj.art-4f5ee4a9e914489ea2601998ff69b2af2023-11-24T03:45:02ZengMDPI AGBatteries2313-01052022-11-0181122010.3390/batteries8110220Revealing Lithiation Kinetics and Battery Degradation Pathway in LiMn<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>-Based Commercial Cathodes via Electrochemical Strain MicroscopyDenis Alikin0Boris Slautin1Andrei Kholkin2School of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Ural Federal University, 620000 Ekaterinburg, RussiaSchool of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Ural Federal University, 620000 Ekaterinburg, RussiaSchool of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Ural Federal University, 620000 Ekaterinburg, RussiaThe capacity fade during the cycling of lithium batteries is a key factor limiting further progress in the improvement of electric vehicles, wearable electronic devices, alternative energy sources, etc. One of the main reasons for capacity loss is battery cathode degradation, which significantly influences the battery lifetime. Despite in-depth knowledge of battery degradation at the chemical level, the kinetics of the degradation at the resolution of the individual elements of the cathode are not fully understood. Here, we studied lithiation kinetics in commercial cathodes based on lithium manganese spinel using the electrochemical strain microscopy local method. Supported by the experimental finding, the “viscous fingers” model of lithium ions intercalation–deintercalation in individual particles of the cathode was proposed. The non-linear dynamics of the lithiation front were suggested to be stimulated by the non-uniform stress field and gradient of the chemical potential. Irregularity of the lithiation front causes the formation of the residual lithiated pocket in the delithiated particles, which effectively reduces the volume available for chemical reaction. The obtained results shed further light on the degradation of the lithium battery cathodes and can be applicable for other cathode materials.https://www.mdpi.com/2313-0105/8/11/220intercalation kineticsviscous fingerslithiation reactionnanoscale resolution |
| spellingShingle | Denis Alikin Boris Slautin Andrei Kholkin Revealing Lithiation Kinetics and Battery Degradation Pathway in LiMn<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>-Based Commercial Cathodes via Electrochemical Strain Microscopy Batteries intercalation kinetics viscous fingers lithiation reaction nanoscale resolution |
| title | Revealing Lithiation Kinetics and Battery Degradation Pathway in LiMn<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>-Based Commercial Cathodes via Electrochemical Strain Microscopy |
| title_full | Revealing Lithiation Kinetics and Battery Degradation Pathway in LiMn<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>-Based Commercial Cathodes via Electrochemical Strain Microscopy |
| title_fullStr | Revealing Lithiation Kinetics and Battery Degradation Pathway in LiMn<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>-Based Commercial Cathodes via Electrochemical Strain Microscopy |
| title_full_unstemmed | Revealing Lithiation Kinetics and Battery Degradation Pathway in LiMn<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>-Based Commercial Cathodes via Electrochemical Strain Microscopy |
| title_short | Revealing Lithiation Kinetics and Battery Degradation Pathway in LiMn<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>-Based Commercial Cathodes via Electrochemical Strain Microscopy |
| title_sort | revealing lithiation kinetics and battery degradation pathway in limn sub 2 sub o sub 4 sub based commercial cathodes via electrochemical strain microscopy |
| topic | intercalation kinetics viscous fingers lithiation reaction nanoscale resolution |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2313-0105/8/11/220 |
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