Spatio-temporal dynamics of aerosol distribution in an urban environment recorded in situ by means of a bike based monitoring system
Aerosol pollution in urban areas is highly variable due to numerous single emission sources such as automobiles, industrial and commercial activities as well as domestic heating, but also due to complex building structures redirecting air mass flows, producing leeward and windward turbulences and re...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2023-03-01
|
| Series: | Frontiers in Environmental Science |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fenvs.2023.749477/full |
| _version_ | 1811159548447162368 |
|---|---|
| author | Stefan Norra Stefan Norra Junwei Song Reiner Gebhardt Jonas Bauer Magdalena Broß Marco Fuchs Theresa Huber Dennis Mack Harald Saathoff |
| author_facet | Stefan Norra Stefan Norra Junwei Song Reiner Gebhardt Jonas Bauer Magdalena Broß Marco Fuchs Theresa Huber Dennis Mack Harald Saathoff |
| author_sort | Stefan Norra |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Aerosol pollution in urban areas is highly variable due to numerous single emission sources such as automobiles, industrial and commercial activities as well as domestic heating, but also due to complex building structures redirecting air mass flows, producing leeward and windward turbulences and resuspension effects. In this publication, it is shown that one or even few aerosol monitoring sites are not able to reflect these complex patterns. In summer 2019, aerosol pollution was recorded in high spatial resolution during six night and daytime tours with a mobile sensor platform on a trailer pulled by a bicycle. Particle mass loadings showed a high variability with PM10 values ranging from 1.3 to 221 μg m−3 and PM2.5 values from 0.7 to 69.0 μg m−3. Geostatistics were used to calculate respective models of the spatial distributions of PM2.5 and PM10. The resulting maps depict the variability of aerosol concentrations within the urban space. These spatial distribution models delineate the distributions without cutting out the built-up structures. Elsewise, the overall spatial patterns do not become visible because of being sharply interrupted by those cutouts in the resulting maps. Thus, the spatial maps allow to identify most affected urban areas and are not restricted to the street space. Furthermore, this method provides an insight to potentially affected areas, and thus can be used to develop counter measures. It is evident that the spatial aerosol patterns cannot be directly derived from the main wind direction, but result far more from an interplay between main wind direction, built-up patterns and distribution of pollution sources. Not all pollution sources are directly obvious and more research has to be carried out to explain the micro-scale variations of spatial aerosol distribution patterns. In addition, since aerosol load in the atmosphere is a severe issue for health and wellbeing of city residents more attention has to be paid to these local inhomogeneities. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-10T05:43:03Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-4f63a17e1bae48f6856382b447dce90f |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2296-665X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-10T05:43:03Z |
| publishDate | 2023-03-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Environmental Science |
| spelling | doaj.art-4f63a17e1bae48f6856382b447dce90f2023-03-06T05:32:18ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Environmental Science2296-665X2023-03-011110.3389/fenvs.2023.749477749477Spatio-temporal dynamics of aerosol distribution in an urban environment recorded in situ by means of a bike based monitoring systemStefan Norra0Stefan Norra1Junwei Song2Reiner Gebhardt3Jonas Bauer4Magdalena Broß5Marco Fuchs6Theresa Huber7Dennis Mack8Harald Saathoff9Working Group Environmental Mineralogy and Environmental System Analysis, Institute of Applied Geosciences, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, GermanyDivision of Soil Science and Geoecology, Institute of Environmental Sciences and Geography, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, GermanyInstitute of Meteorology and Climate Research, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, GermanyInstitute of Geography and Geoecology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, GermanyWorking Group Environmental Mineralogy and Environmental System Analysis, Institute of Applied Geosciences, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, GermanyWorking Group Environmental Mineralogy and Environmental System Analysis, Institute of Applied Geosciences, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, GermanyWorking Group Environmental Mineralogy and Environmental System Analysis, Institute of Applied Geosciences, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, GermanyWorking Group Environmental Mineralogy and Environmental System Analysis, Institute of Applied Geosciences, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, GermanyWorking Group Environmental Mineralogy and Environmental System Analysis, Institute of Applied Geosciences, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, GermanyInstitute of Meteorology and Climate Research, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, GermanyAerosol pollution in urban areas is highly variable due to numerous single emission sources such as automobiles, industrial and commercial activities as well as domestic heating, but also due to complex building structures redirecting air mass flows, producing leeward and windward turbulences and resuspension effects. In this publication, it is shown that one or even few aerosol monitoring sites are not able to reflect these complex patterns. In summer 2019, aerosol pollution was recorded in high spatial resolution during six night and daytime tours with a mobile sensor platform on a trailer pulled by a bicycle. Particle mass loadings showed a high variability with PM10 values ranging from 1.3 to 221 μg m−3 and PM2.5 values from 0.7 to 69.0 μg m−3. Geostatistics were used to calculate respective models of the spatial distributions of PM2.5 and PM10. The resulting maps depict the variability of aerosol concentrations within the urban space. These spatial distribution models delineate the distributions without cutting out the built-up structures. Elsewise, the overall spatial patterns do not become visible because of being sharply interrupted by those cutouts in the resulting maps. Thus, the spatial maps allow to identify most affected urban areas and are not restricted to the street space. Furthermore, this method provides an insight to potentially affected areas, and thus can be used to develop counter measures. It is evident that the spatial aerosol patterns cannot be directly derived from the main wind direction, but result far more from an interplay between main wind direction, built-up patterns and distribution of pollution sources. Not all pollution sources are directly obvious and more research has to be carried out to explain the micro-scale variations of spatial aerosol distribution patterns. In addition, since aerosol load in the atmosphere is a severe issue for health and wellbeing of city residents more attention has to be paid to these local inhomogeneities.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fenvs.2023.749477/fullmobilebicycleaerosolmeasurement platformspatial patternurban pollution |
| spellingShingle | Stefan Norra Stefan Norra Junwei Song Reiner Gebhardt Jonas Bauer Magdalena Broß Marco Fuchs Theresa Huber Dennis Mack Harald Saathoff Spatio-temporal dynamics of aerosol distribution in an urban environment recorded in situ by means of a bike based monitoring system Frontiers in Environmental Science mobile bicycle aerosol measurement platform spatial pattern urban pollution |
| title | Spatio-temporal dynamics of aerosol distribution in an urban environment recorded in situ by means of a bike based monitoring system |
| title_full | Spatio-temporal dynamics of aerosol distribution in an urban environment recorded in situ by means of a bike based monitoring system |
| title_fullStr | Spatio-temporal dynamics of aerosol distribution in an urban environment recorded in situ by means of a bike based monitoring system |
| title_full_unstemmed | Spatio-temporal dynamics of aerosol distribution in an urban environment recorded in situ by means of a bike based monitoring system |
| title_short | Spatio-temporal dynamics of aerosol distribution in an urban environment recorded in situ by means of a bike based monitoring system |
| title_sort | spatio temporal dynamics of aerosol distribution in an urban environment recorded in situ by means of a bike based monitoring system |
| topic | mobile bicycle aerosol measurement platform spatial pattern urban pollution |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fenvs.2023.749477/full |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT stefannorra spatiotemporaldynamicsofaerosoldistributioninanurbanenvironmentrecordedinsitubymeansofabikebasedmonitoringsystem AT stefannorra spatiotemporaldynamicsofaerosoldistributioninanurbanenvironmentrecordedinsitubymeansofabikebasedmonitoringsystem AT junweisong spatiotemporaldynamicsofaerosoldistributioninanurbanenvironmentrecordedinsitubymeansofabikebasedmonitoringsystem AT reinergebhardt spatiotemporaldynamicsofaerosoldistributioninanurbanenvironmentrecordedinsitubymeansofabikebasedmonitoringsystem AT jonasbauer spatiotemporaldynamicsofaerosoldistributioninanurbanenvironmentrecordedinsitubymeansofabikebasedmonitoringsystem AT magdalenabroß spatiotemporaldynamicsofaerosoldistributioninanurbanenvironmentrecordedinsitubymeansofabikebasedmonitoringsystem AT marcofuchs spatiotemporaldynamicsofaerosoldistributioninanurbanenvironmentrecordedinsitubymeansofabikebasedmonitoringsystem AT theresahuber spatiotemporaldynamicsofaerosoldistributioninanurbanenvironmentrecordedinsitubymeansofabikebasedmonitoringsystem AT dennismack spatiotemporaldynamicsofaerosoldistributioninanurbanenvironmentrecordedinsitubymeansofabikebasedmonitoringsystem AT haraldsaathoff spatiotemporaldynamicsofaerosoldistributioninanurbanenvironmentrecordedinsitubymeansofabikebasedmonitoringsystem |