LOXL2 Inhibitors and Breast Cancer Progression
LOX (lysyl oxidase) and lysyl oxidase like-1–4 (LOXL 1–4) are amine oxidases, which catalyze cross-linking reactions of elastin and collagen in the connective tissue. These amine oxidases also allow the cross-link of collagen and elastin in the extracellular matrix of tumors, facilitating the proces...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-02-01
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| Series: | Antioxidants |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/10/2/312 |
| _version_ | 1797396040859516928 |
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| author | Sandra Ferreira Nuno Saraiva Patrícia Rijo Ana S. Fernandes |
| author_facet | Sandra Ferreira Nuno Saraiva Patrícia Rijo Ana S. Fernandes |
| author_sort | Sandra Ferreira |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | LOX (lysyl oxidase) and lysyl oxidase like-1–4 (LOXL 1–4) are amine oxidases, which catalyze cross-linking reactions of elastin and collagen in the connective tissue. These amine oxidases also allow the cross-link of collagen and elastin in the extracellular matrix of tumors, facilitating the process of cell migration and the formation of metastases. LOXL2 is of particular interest in cancer biology as it is highly expressed in some tumors. This protein also promotes oncogenic transformation and affects the proliferation of breast cancer cells. LOX and LOXL2 inhibition have thus been suggested as a promising strategy to prevent metastasis and invasion of breast cancer. BAPN (β-aminopropionitrile) was the first compound described as a LOX inhibitor and was obtained from a natural source. However, novel synthetic compounds that act as LOX/LOXL2 selective inhibitors or as dual LOX/LOX-L inhibitors have been recently developed. In this review, we describe LOX enzymes and their role in promoting cancer development and metastases, with a special focus on LOXL2 and breast cancer progression. Moreover, the recent advances in the development of LOXL2 inhibitors are also addressed. Overall, this work contextualizes and explores the importance of LOXL2 inhibition as a promising novel complementary and effective therapeutic approach for breast cancer treatment. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T00:44:35Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-4f6745d733134cd2912645e760b3ee9b |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-3921 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T00:44:35Z |
| publishDate | 2021-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Antioxidants |
| spelling | doaj.art-4f6745d733134cd2912645e760b3ee9b2023-12-11T17:36:02ZengMDPI AGAntioxidants2076-39212021-02-0110231210.3390/antiox10020312LOXL2 Inhibitors and Breast Cancer ProgressionSandra Ferreira0Nuno Saraiva1Patrícia Rijo2Ana S. Fernandes3CBIOS, Universidade Lusófona’s Research Center for Biosciences & Health Technologies, Campo Grande 376, 1749-024 Lisbon, PortugalCBIOS, Universidade Lusófona’s Research Center for Biosciences & Health Technologies, Campo Grande 376, 1749-024 Lisbon, PortugalCBIOS, Universidade Lusófona’s Research Center for Biosciences & Health Technologies, Campo Grande 376, 1749-024 Lisbon, PortugalCBIOS, Universidade Lusófona’s Research Center for Biosciences & Health Technologies, Campo Grande 376, 1749-024 Lisbon, PortugalLOX (lysyl oxidase) and lysyl oxidase like-1–4 (LOXL 1–4) are amine oxidases, which catalyze cross-linking reactions of elastin and collagen in the connective tissue. These amine oxidases also allow the cross-link of collagen and elastin in the extracellular matrix of tumors, facilitating the process of cell migration and the formation of metastases. LOXL2 is of particular interest in cancer biology as it is highly expressed in some tumors. This protein also promotes oncogenic transformation and affects the proliferation of breast cancer cells. LOX and LOXL2 inhibition have thus been suggested as a promising strategy to prevent metastasis and invasion of breast cancer. BAPN (β-aminopropionitrile) was the first compound described as a LOX inhibitor and was obtained from a natural source. However, novel synthetic compounds that act as LOX/LOXL2 selective inhibitors or as dual LOX/LOX-L inhibitors have been recently developed. In this review, we describe LOX enzymes and their role in promoting cancer development and metastases, with a special focus on LOXL2 and breast cancer progression. Moreover, the recent advances in the development of LOXL2 inhibitors are also addressed. Overall, this work contextualizes and explores the importance of LOXL2 inhibition as a promising novel complementary and effective therapeutic approach for breast cancer treatment.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/10/2/312BAPNbreast cancercell invasionEMTlysyl-oxidaselysyl-oxidase like 2 |
| spellingShingle | Sandra Ferreira Nuno Saraiva Patrícia Rijo Ana S. Fernandes LOXL2 Inhibitors and Breast Cancer Progression Antioxidants BAPN breast cancer cell invasion EMT lysyl-oxidase lysyl-oxidase like 2 |
| title | LOXL2 Inhibitors and Breast Cancer Progression |
| title_full | LOXL2 Inhibitors and Breast Cancer Progression |
| title_fullStr | LOXL2 Inhibitors and Breast Cancer Progression |
| title_full_unstemmed | LOXL2 Inhibitors and Breast Cancer Progression |
| title_short | LOXL2 Inhibitors and Breast Cancer Progression |
| title_sort | loxl2 inhibitors and breast cancer progression |
| topic | BAPN breast cancer cell invasion EMT lysyl-oxidase lysyl-oxidase like 2 |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/10/2/312 |
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