An In-Line Photonic Biosensor for Monitoring of Glucose Concentrations
This paper presents two PDMS photonic biosensor designs that can be used for continuous monitoring of glucose concentrations. The first design, the internally immobilized sensor, consists of a reactor chamber, micro-lenses and self-alignment structures for fiber optics positioning. This sensor desig...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2014-08-01
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| Series: | Sensors |
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| Online Access: | http://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/14/9/15749 |
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| author | Ala'aldeen Al-Halhouli Stefanie Demming Laila Alahmad Andreu LIobera Stephanus Büttgenbach |
| author_facet | Ala'aldeen Al-Halhouli Stefanie Demming Laila Alahmad Andreu LIobera Stephanus Büttgenbach |
| author_sort | Ala'aldeen Al-Halhouli |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This paper presents two PDMS photonic biosensor designs that can be used for continuous monitoring of glucose concentrations. The first design, the internally immobilized sensor, consists of a reactor chamber, micro-lenses and self-alignment structures for fiber optics positioning. This sensor design allows optical detection of glucose concentrations under continuous glucose flow conditions of 33 µL/h based on internal co-immobilization of glucose oxidase (GOX) and horseradish peroxidase (HRP) on the internal PDMS surface of the reactor chamber. For this design, two co-immobilization methods, the simple adsorption and the covalent binding (PEG) methods were tested. Experiments showed successful results when using the covalent binding (PEG) method, where glucose concentrations up to 5 mM with a coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.99 and a limit of detection of 0.26 mM are detectable. The second design is a modified version of the internally immobilized sensor, where a microbead chamber and a beads filling channel are integrated into the sensor. This modification enabled external co-immobilization of enzymes covalently onto functionalized silica microbeads and allows binding a huge amount of HRP and GOX enzymes on the microbeads surfaces which increases the interaction area between immobilized enzymes and the analyte. This has a positive effect on the amount and rate of chemical reactions taking place inside the chamber. The sensor was tested under continuous glucose flow conditions and was found to be able to detect glucose concentrations up to 10 mM with R2 of 0.98 and a limit of detection of 0.7 mM. Such results are very promising for the application in photonic LOC systems used for online analysis. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-11T14:01:24Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-4f71ac1d6fff42278fc6ce40ab0fa72a |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1424-8220 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-11T14:01:24Z |
| publishDate | 2014-08-01 |
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| series | Sensors |
| spelling | doaj.art-4f71ac1d6fff42278fc6ce40ab0fa72a2022-12-22T04:20:06ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202014-08-01149157491575910.3390/s140915749s140915749An In-Line Photonic Biosensor for Monitoring of Glucose ConcentrationsAla'aldeen Al-Halhouli0Stefanie Demming1Laila Alahmad2Andreu LIobera3Stephanus Büttgenbach4Institute of Microtechnology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Langer Kamp 8, 38106 Braunschweig, GermanyInstitute of Microtechnology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Langer Kamp 8, 38106 Braunschweig, GermanyInstitute of Microtechnology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Langer Kamp 8, 38106 Braunschweig, GermanyCentreNacional de Microelectrònica (IMB-CNM, CSIC), 08193 Barcelona, SpainInstitute of Microtechnology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Langer Kamp 8, 38106 Braunschweig, GermanyThis paper presents two PDMS photonic biosensor designs that can be used for continuous monitoring of glucose concentrations. The first design, the internally immobilized sensor, consists of a reactor chamber, micro-lenses and self-alignment structures for fiber optics positioning. This sensor design allows optical detection of glucose concentrations under continuous glucose flow conditions of 33 µL/h based on internal co-immobilization of glucose oxidase (GOX) and horseradish peroxidase (HRP) on the internal PDMS surface of the reactor chamber. For this design, two co-immobilization methods, the simple adsorption and the covalent binding (PEG) methods were tested. Experiments showed successful results when using the covalent binding (PEG) method, where glucose concentrations up to 5 mM with a coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.99 and a limit of detection of 0.26 mM are detectable. The second design is a modified version of the internally immobilized sensor, where a microbead chamber and a beads filling channel are integrated into the sensor. This modification enabled external co-immobilization of enzymes covalently onto functionalized silica microbeads and allows binding a huge amount of HRP and GOX enzymes on the microbeads surfaces which increases the interaction area between immobilized enzymes and the analyte. This has a positive effect on the amount and rate of chemical reactions taking place inside the chamber. The sensor was tested under continuous glucose flow conditions and was found to be able to detect glucose concentrations up to 10 mM with R2 of 0.98 and a limit of detection of 0.7 mM. Such results are very promising for the application in photonic LOC systems used for online analysis.http://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/14/9/15749glucoseenzymesimmobilizationbeadsbiosensors |
| spellingShingle | Ala'aldeen Al-Halhouli Stefanie Demming Laila Alahmad Andreu LIobera Stephanus Büttgenbach An In-Line Photonic Biosensor for Monitoring of Glucose Concentrations Sensors glucose enzymes immobilization beads biosensors |
| title | An In-Line Photonic Biosensor for Monitoring of Glucose Concentrations |
| title_full | An In-Line Photonic Biosensor for Monitoring of Glucose Concentrations |
| title_fullStr | An In-Line Photonic Biosensor for Monitoring of Glucose Concentrations |
| title_full_unstemmed | An In-Line Photonic Biosensor for Monitoring of Glucose Concentrations |
| title_short | An In-Line Photonic Biosensor for Monitoring of Glucose Concentrations |
| title_sort | in line photonic biosensor for monitoring of glucose concentrations |
| topic | glucose enzymes immobilization beads biosensors |
| url | http://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/14/9/15749 |
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