Evaluation of FAO-56 Procedures for Estimating Reference Evapotranspiration Using Missing Climatic Data for a Brazilian Tropical Savanna
The Brazilian savanna (Cerrado) has been heavily impacted by agricultural activities over the last four to five decades, and reliable estimates of reference evapotranspiration (<i>ET<sub>o</sub></i>) are needed for water resource management and irrigation agriculture. The Pen...
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MDPI AG
2021-06-01
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| author | Luiz Claudio Galvão do Valle Júnior George L. Vourlitis Leone Francisco Amorim Curado Rafael da Silva Palácios José de S. Nogueira Francisco de A. Lobo Abu Reza Md Towfiqul Islam Thiago Rangel Rodrigues |
| author_facet | Luiz Claudio Galvão do Valle Júnior George L. Vourlitis Leone Francisco Amorim Curado Rafael da Silva Palácios José de S. Nogueira Francisco de A. Lobo Abu Reza Md Towfiqul Islam Thiago Rangel Rodrigues |
| author_sort | Luiz Claudio Galvão do Valle Júnior |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The Brazilian savanna (Cerrado) has been heavily impacted by agricultural activities over the last four to five decades, and reliable estimates of reference evapotranspiration (<i>ET<sub>o</sub></i>) are needed for water resource management and irrigation agriculture. The Penman–Monteith (PM) is one of the most accepted models for <i>ET<sub>o</sub></i> estimation, but it requires many inputs that are not commonly available. Therefore, assessing the FAO guidelines to compute <i>ET<sub>o</sub></i> when meteorological data are missing could lead to a better understanding of which variables are critically important for reliable estimates of <i>ET<sub>o</sub></i> and how climatic variables are related to water requirements and atmospheric demands. In this study, <i>ET<sub>o</sub></i> was computed for a grass-dominated part of the Cerrado from April 2010 to August 2019. We tested 12 different scenarios considering radiation, relative humidity, and/or wind speed as missing climatic data using guidelines given by the FAO. Our results presented that wind speed and actual vapor pressure do not affect <i>ET<sub>o</sub></i> estimates as much as the other climatic variables; therefore, in the Cerrado’s conditions, wind speed and relative humidity measurements are less required than temperature and radiation data. When radiation data were missing, the computed <i>ET<sub>o</sub></i> was overestimated compared to the benchmark. FAO procedures to estimate the net radiation presented good results during the wet season; however, during the dry season, their results were overestimated because the method could not estimate negative R<sub>n</sub>. Our results indicate that radiation data have the highest impact on <i>ET<sub>o</sub></i> for our study area and presumably for regions with similar climatic conditions. In addition, those FAO procedures for estimating radiation are not suitable when radiation data are missing. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T10:01:33Z |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4441 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T10:01:33Z |
| publishDate | 2021-06-01 |
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| series | Water |
| spelling | doaj.art-4f8e66343a6b4def9815b436dc7b81a12023-11-22T01:50:45ZengMDPI AGWater2073-44412021-06-011313176310.3390/w13131763Evaluation of FAO-56 Procedures for Estimating Reference Evapotranspiration Using Missing Climatic Data for a Brazilian Tropical SavannaLuiz Claudio Galvão do Valle Júnior0George L. Vourlitis1Leone Francisco Amorim Curado2Rafael da Silva Palácios3José de S. Nogueira4Francisco de A. Lobo5Abu Reza Md Towfiqul Islam6Thiago Rangel Rodrigues7Programa de Pós-Graduação Tecnologias Ambientais, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande 79070-900, BrazilBiological Sciences Department, California State University, San Marcos, CA 92096, USAPrograma de Pós Graduação em Física Ambiental, Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Cuiabá 78060-900, BrazilFaculdade de Meteorologia, Instituto de Geociências, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém 66075-110, BrazilPrograma de Pós Graduação em Física Ambiental, Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Cuiabá 78060-900, BrazilDepartamento de Solos e Engenharia Rural, Faculdade de Agronomia e Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Cuiabá 78060-900, BrazilDepartment of Disaster Management, Begum Rokeya University, Rangpur 5400, BangladeshLaboratório de Ciências Atmosféricas, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande 79070-900, BrazilThe Brazilian savanna (Cerrado) has been heavily impacted by agricultural activities over the last four to five decades, and reliable estimates of reference evapotranspiration (<i>ET<sub>o</sub></i>) are needed for water resource management and irrigation agriculture. The Penman–Monteith (PM) is one of the most accepted models for <i>ET<sub>o</sub></i> estimation, but it requires many inputs that are not commonly available. Therefore, assessing the FAO guidelines to compute <i>ET<sub>o</sub></i> when meteorological data are missing could lead to a better understanding of which variables are critically important for reliable estimates of <i>ET<sub>o</sub></i> and how climatic variables are related to water requirements and atmospheric demands. In this study, <i>ET<sub>o</sub></i> was computed for a grass-dominated part of the Cerrado from April 2010 to August 2019. We tested 12 different scenarios considering radiation, relative humidity, and/or wind speed as missing climatic data using guidelines given by the FAO. Our results presented that wind speed and actual vapor pressure do not affect <i>ET<sub>o</sub></i> estimates as much as the other climatic variables; therefore, in the Cerrado’s conditions, wind speed and relative humidity measurements are less required than temperature and radiation data. When radiation data were missing, the computed <i>ET<sub>o</sub></i> was overestimated compared to the benchmark. FAO procedures to estimate the net radiation presented good results during the wet season; however, during the dry season, their results were overestimated because the method could not estimate negative R<sub>n</sub>. Our results indicate that radiation data have the highest impact on <i>ET<sub>o</sub></i> for our study area and presumably for regions with similar climatic conditions. In addition, those FAO procedures for estimating radiation are not suitable when radiation data are missing.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/13/13/1763reference evapotranspirationFAO Penman–Monteithlimited dataCerrado |
| spellingShingle | Luiz Claudio Galvão do Valle Júnior George L. Vourlitis Leone Francisco Amorim Curado Rafael da Silva Palácios José de S. Nogueira Francisco de A. Lobo Abu Reza Md Towfiqul Islam Thiago Rangel Rodrigues Evaluation of FAO-56 Procedures for Estimating Reference Evapotranspiration Using Missing Climatic Data for a Brazilian Tropical Savanna Water reference evapotranspiration FAO Penman–Monteith limited data Cerrado |
| title | Evaluation of FAO-56 Procedures for Estimating Reference Evapotranspiration Using Missing Climatic Data for a Brazilian Tropical Savanna |
| title_full | Evaluation of FAO-56 Procedures for Estimating Reference Evapotranspiration Using Missing Climatic Data for a Brazilian Tropical Savanna |
| title_fullStr | Evaluation of FAO-56 Procedures for Estimating Reference Evapotranspiration Using Missing Climatic Data for a Brazilian Tropical Savanna |
| title_full_unstemmed | Evaluation of FAO-56 Procedures for Estimating Reference Evapotranspiration Using Missing Climatic Data for a Brazilian Tropical Savanna |
| title_short | Evaluation of FAO-56 Procedures for Estimating Reference Evapotranspiration Using Missing Climatic Data for a Brazilian Tropical Savanna |
| title_sort | evaluation of fao 56 procedures for estimating reference evapotranspiration using missing climatic data for a brazilian tropical savanna |
| topic | reference evapotranspiration FAO Penman–Monteith limited data Cerrado |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/13/13/1763 |
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