The Endocannabinoid System in the Mediterranean Mussel <i>Mytilus galloprovincialis</i>: Possible Mediators of the Immune Activity?
Anandamide (AEA) is one of the best characterized members of the endocannabinoid family and its involvement in many pathophysiological processes has been well documented in vertebrates and invertebrates. Here, we report the biochemical and functional characterization of key elements of the endocanna...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2021-05-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/9/4954 |
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| author | Francesco Mosca Osvaldo Zarivi Natalia Battista Mauro Maccarrone Pietro Giorgio Tiscar |
| author_facet | Francesco Mosca Osvaldo Zarivi Natalia Battista Mauro Maccarrone Pietro Giorgio Tiscar |
| author_sort | Francesco Mosca |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Anandamide (AEA) is one of the best characterized members of the endocannabinoid family and its involvement in many pathophysiological processes has been well documented in vertebrates and invertebrates. Here, we report the biochemical and functional characterization of key elements of the endocannabinoid system in hemocytes isolated from the Mediterranean mussel <i>Mytilus galloprovincialis</i>. We also show the effects of exogenous AEA, as well as of capsaicin, on the cell ability to migrate and to activate the respiratory burst, upon in vitro stimulation of phagocytosis. Interestingly, our findings show that both AEA and capsaicin suppress the hemocyte response and that the use of selective antagonists of CB<sub>2</sub> and TRPV1 receptors revert their inhibitory effects. Overall, present data support previous evidence on the presence of endocannabinoid signaling in mollusks and advance our knowledge about the evolutionary origins of this endogenous system and its role in the innate response of mollusks. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T11:39:15Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-4f97d2d9cad947d28150e0dca58bd3e3 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1661-6596 1422-0067 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T11:39:15Z |
| publishDate | 2021-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-4f97d2d9cad947d28150e0dca58bd3e32023-11-21T18:37:38ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672021-05-01229495410.3390/ijms22094954The Endocannabinoid System in the Mediterranean Mussel <i>Mytilus galloprovincialis</i>: Possible Mediators of the Immune Activity?Francesco Mosca0Osvaldo Zarivi1Natalia Battista2Mauro Maccarrone3Pietro Giorgio Tiscar4Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, 64100 Teramo, ItalyCenter of Integrated Research, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, ItalyFaculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, 64100 Teramo, ItalyDepartment of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, ItalyFaculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, 64100 Teramo, ItalyAnandamide (AEA) is one of the best characterized members of the endocannabinoid family and its involvement in many pathophysiological processes has been well documented in vertebrates and invertebrates. Here, we report the biochemical and functional characterization of key elements of the endocannabinoid system in hemocytes isolated from the Mediterranean mussel <i>Mytilus galloprovincialis</i>. We also show the effects of exogenous AEA, as well as of capsaicin, on the cell ability to migrate and to activate the respiratory burst, upon in vitro stimulation of phagocytosis. Interestingly, our findings show that both AEA and capsaicin suppress the hemocyte response and that the use of selective antagonists of CB<sub>2</sub> and TRPV1 receptors revert their inhibitory effects. Overall, present data support previous evidence on the presence of endocannabinoid signaling in mollusks and advance our knowledge about the evolutionary origins of this endogenous system and its role in the innate response of mollusks.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/9/4954anandamidecannabinoid receptorsevolutionhemocytesmusselvanilloid receptors |
| spellingShingle | Francesco Mosca Osvaldo Zarivi Natalia Battista Mauro Maccarrone Pietro Giorgio Tiscar The Endocannabinoid System in the Mediterranean Mussel <i>Mytilus galloprovincialis</i>: Possible Mediators of the Immune Activity? International Journal of Molecular Sciences anandamide cannabinoid receptors evolution hemocytes mussel vanilloid receptors |
| title | The Endocannabinoid System in the Mediterranean Mussel <i>Mytilus galloprovincialis</i>: Possible Mediators of the Immune Activity? |
| title_full | The Endocannabinoid System in the Mediterranean Mussel <i>Mytilus galloprovincialis</i>: Possible Mediators of the Immune Activity? |
| title_fullStr | The Endocannabinoid System in the Mediterranean Mussel <i>Mytilus galloprovincialis</i>: Possible Mediators of the Immune Activity? |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Endocannabinoid System in the Mediterranean Mussel <i>Mytilus galloprovincialis</i>: Possible Mediators of the Immune Activity? |
| title_short | The Endocannabinoid System in the Mediterranean Mussel <i>Mytilus galloprovincialis</i>: Possible Mediators of the Immune Activity? |
| title_sort | endocannabinoid system in the mediterranean mussel i mytilus galloprovincialis i possible mediators of the immune activity |
| topic | anandamide cannabinoid receptors evolution hemocytes mussel vanilloid receptors |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/9/4954 |
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