A statistical study of space hurricanes in the Northern Hemisphere
The space hurricane is a newly discovered large-scale three-dimensional magnetic vortex structure that spans the polar ionosphere and magnetosphere. At the height of the ionosphere, it has a strong circular horizontal plasma flow with a nearly zero-flow center and a coincident cyclone-shaped aurora...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2022-11-01
|
| Series: | Frontiers in Astronomy and Space Sciences |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fspas.2022.1047982/full |
| _version_ | 1811216753022205952 |
|---|---|
| author | Sheng Lu Zan-Yang Xing Qing-He Zhang Yong-Liang Zhang Yu-Zhang Ma Xiang-Yu Wang Kjellmar Oksavik Kjellmar Oksavik L. R. Lyons Balan Nanan Jing Liu Yong Wang Zhong-Xin Deng Kai Xia Di Song |
| author_facet | Sheng Lu Zan-Yang Xing Qing-He Zhang Yong-Liang Zhang Yu-Zhang Ma Xiang-Yu Wang Kjellmar Oksavik Kjellmar Oksavik L. R. Lyons Balan Nanan Jing Liu Yong Wang Zhong-Xin Deng Kai Xia Di Song |
| author_sort | Sheng Lu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The space hurricane is a newly discovered large-scale three-dimensional magnetic vortex structure that spans the polar ionosphere and magnetosphere. At the height of the ionosphere, it has a strong circular horizontal plasma flow with a nearly zero-flow center and a coincident cyclone-shaped aurora caused by strong electron precipitation associated with intense upward magnetic field-aligned currents. By analyzing the long-term optical observation onboard the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) F16 satellite from 2005 to 2016, we found that space hurricanes in the Northern Hemisphere occur in summer and have a maximum occurrence rate in the afternoon sector around solar maximum. In particular, space hurricanes are more likely to occur in the dayside polar cap at magnetic latitudes greater than 80°, and their MLT (magnetic local time) dependence shows a positive relationship with the IMF (interplanetary magnetic field) clock angle. We also found that space hurricanes occur mainly under dominant positive IMF By and Bz and negative Bx conditions. It is suggested that the stable high-latitude lobe reconnection, which occurs under the conditions of a large Earth’s dipole tilt angle and high ionosphere conductivity in summer, should be the formation mechanism of space hurricanes. The result will give a better understanding of the solar wind–magnetosphere–ionosphere coupling process under northward IMF conditions. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-12T06:43:37Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-4f9a96613bd741d296b82dc3335047b5 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2296-987X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-12T06:43:37Z |
| publishDate | 2022-11-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Astronomy and Space Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-4f9a96613bd741d296b82dc3335047b52022-12-22T03:43:39ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Astronomy and Space Sciences2296-987X2022-11-01910.3389/fspas.2022.10479821047982A statistical study of space hurricanes in the Northern HemisphereSheng Lu0Zan-Yang Xing1Qing-He Zhang2Yong-Liang Zhang3Yu-Zhang Ma4Xiang-Yu Wang5Kjellmar Oksavik6Kjellmar Oksavik7L. R. Lyons8Balan Nanan9Jing Liu10Yong Wang11Zhong-Xin Deng12Kai Xia13Di Song14Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Astronomy and Solar-Terrestrial Environment, Institute of Space Sciences, Shandong University, Weihai, ChinaShandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Astronomy and Solar-Terrestrial Environment, Institute of Space Sciences, Shandong University, Weihai, ChinaShandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Astronomy and Solar-Terrestrial Environment, Institute of Space Sciences, Shandong University, Weihai, ChinaApplied Physics Laboratory, The Johns Hopkins University, Laurel, MD, United StatesShandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Astronomy and Solar-Terrestrial Environment, Institute of Space Sciences, Shandong University, Weihai, ChinaShandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Astronomy and Solar-Terrestrial Environment, Institute of Space Sciences, Shandong University, Weihai, ChinaDepartment of Physics and Technology, Birkeland Centre for Space Sciences, University of Bergen, Bergen, NorwayArctic Geophysics, University Centre in Svalbard, Longyearbyen, NorwayDepartment of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United StatesShandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Astronomy and Solar-Terrestrial Environment, Institute of Space Sciences, Shandong University, Weihai, ChinaShandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Astronomy and Solar-Terrestrial Environment, Institute of Space Sciences, Shandong University, Weihai, ChinaShandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Astronomy and Solar-Terrestrial Environment, Institute of Space Sciences, Shandong University, Weihai, ChinaNational Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Environment, China Research Institute of Radiowave Propagation, Qingdao, ChinaShandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Astronomy and Solar-Terrestrial Environment, Institute of Space Sciences, Shandong University, Weihai, ChinaShandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Astronomy and Solar-Terrestrial Environment, Institute of Space Sciences, Shandong University, Weihai, ChinaThe space hurricane is a newly discovered large-scale three-dimensional magnetic vortex structure that spans the polar ionosphere and magnetosphere. At the height of the ionosphere, it has a strong circular horizontal plasma flow with a nearly zero-flow center and a coincident cyclone-shaped aurora caused by strong electron precipitation associated with intense upward magnetic field-aligned currents. By analyzing the long-term optical observation onboard the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) F16 satellite from 2005 to 2016, we found that space hurricanes in the Northern Hemisphere occur in summer and have a maximum occurrence rate in the afternoon sector around solar maximum. In particular, space hurricanes are more likely to occur in the dayside polar cap at magnetic latitudes greater than 80°, and their MLT (magnetic local time) dependence shows a positive relationship with the IMF (interplanetary magnetic field) clock angle. We also found that space hurricanes occur mainly under dominant positive IMF By and Bz and negative Bx conditions. It is suggested that the stable high-latitude lobe reconnection, which occurs under the conditions of a large Earth’s dipole tilt angle and high ionosphere conductivity in summer, should be the formation mechanism of space hurricanes. The result will give a better understanding of the solar wind–magnetosphere–ionosphere coupling process under northward IMF conditions.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fspas.2022.1047982/fullspace hurricanepolar ionospherepolar cap auroramagnetosphere–ionosphere couplinghigh-latitude lobe reconnection |
| spellingShingle | Sheng Lu Zan-Yang Xing Qing-He Zhang Yong-Liang Zhang Yu-Zhang Ma Xiang-Yu Wang Kjellmar Oksavik Kjellmar Oksavik L. R. Lyons Balan Nanan Jing Liu Yong Wang Zhong-Xin Deng Kai Xia Di Song A statistical study of space hurricanes in the Northern Hemisphere Frontiers in Astronomy and Space Sciences space hurricane polar ionosphere polar cap aurora magnetosphere–ionosphere coupling high-latitude lobe reconnection |
| title | A statistical study of space hurricanes in the Northern Hemisphere |
| title_full | A statistical study of space hurricanes in the Northern Hemisphere |
| title_fullStr | A statistical study of space hurricanes in the Northern Hemisphere |
| title_full_unstemmed | A statistical study of space hurricanes in the Northern Hemisphere |
| title_short | A statistical study of space hurricanes in the Northern Hemisphere |
| title_sort | statistical study of space hurricanes in the northern hemisphere |
| topic | space hurricane polar ionosphere polar cap aurora magnetosphere–ionosphere coupling high-latitude lobe reconnection |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fspas.2022.1047982/full |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT shenglu astatisticalstudyofspacehurricanesinthenorthernhemisphere AT zanyangxing astatisticalstudyofspacehurricanesinthenorthernhemisphere AT qinghezhang astatisticalstudyofspacehurricanesinthenorthernhemisphere AT yongliangzhang astatisticalstudyofspacehurricanesinthenorthernhemisphere AT yuzhangma astatisticalstudyofspacehurricanesinthenorthernhemisphere AT xiangyuwang astatisticalstudyofspacehurricanesinthenorthernhemisphere AT kjellmaroksavik astatisticalstudyofspacehurricanesinthenorthernhemisphere AT kjellmaroksavik astatisticalstudyofspacehurricanesinthenorthernhemisphere AT lrlyons astatisticalstudyofspacehurricanesinthenorthernhemisphere AT balannanan astatisticalstudyofspacehurricanesinthenorthernhemisphere AT jingliu astatisticalstudyofspacehurricanesinthenorthernhemisphere AT yongwang astatisticalstudyofspacehurricanesinthenorthernhemisphere AT zhongxindeng astatisticalstudyofspacehurricanesinthenorthernhemisphere AT kaixia astatisticalstudyofspacehurricanesinthenorthernhemisphere AT disong astatisticalstudyofspacehurricanesinthenorthernhemisphere AT shenglu statisticalstudyofspacehurricanesinthenorthernhemisphere AT zanyangxing statisticalstudyofspacehurricanesinthenorthernhemisphere AT qinghezhang statisticalstudyofspacehurricanesinthenorthernhemisphere AT yongliangzhang statisticalstudyofspacehurricanesinthenorthernhemisphere AT yuzhangma statisticalstudyofspacehurricanesinthenorthernhemisphere AT xiangyuwang statisticalstudyofspacehurricanesinthenorthernhemisphere AT kjellmaroksavik statisticalstudyofspacehurricanesinthenorthernhemisphere AT kjellmaroksavik statisticalstudyofspacehurricanesinthenorthernhemisphere AT lrlyons statisticalstudyofspacehurricanesinthenorthernhemisphere AT balannanan statisticalstudyofspacehurricanesinthenorthernhemisphere AT jingliu statisticalstudyofspacehurricanesinthenorthernhemisphere AT yongwang statisticalstudyofspacehurricanesinthenorthernhemisphere AT zhongxindeng statisticalstudyofspacehurricanesinthenorthernhemisphere AT kaixia statisticalstudyofspacehurricanesinthenorthernhemisphere AT disong statisticalstudyofspacehurricanesinthenorthernhemisphere |