Design Centering of Compact Microwave Components Using Response Features and Trust Regions
Fabrication tolerances, as well as uncertainties of other kinds, e.g., concerning material parameters or operating conditions, are detrimental to the performance of microwave circuits. Mitigating their impact requires accounting for possible parameter deviations already at the design stage. This inv...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-12-01
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| Series: | Energies |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/14/24/8550 |
| _version_ | 1797504972730925056 |
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| author | Anna Pietrenko-Dabrowska Slawomir Koziel |
| author_facet | Anna Pietrenko-Dabrowska Slawomir Koziel |
| author_sort | Anna Pietrenko-Dabrowska |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Fabrication tolerances, as well as uncertainties of other kinds, e.g., concerning material parameters or operating conditions, are detrimental to the performance of microwave circuits. Mitigating their impact requires accounting for possible parameter deviations already at the design stage. This involves optimization of appropriately defined statistical figures of merit such as yield. Although important, robust (or tolerance-aware) design is an intricate endeavor because manufacturing inaccuracies are normally described using probability distributions, and their quantification has to be based on statistical analysis. The major bottleneck here is high computational cost: for reliability reasons, miniaturized microwave components are evaluated using full-wave electromagnetic (EM) models, whereas conventionally utilized analysis methods (e.g., Monte Carlo simulation) are associated with massive circuit evaluations. A practical approach that allows for circumventing the aforementioned obstacles offers surrogate modeling techniques, which have been a dominant trend over the recent years. Notwithstanding, a construction of accurate metamodels may require considerable computational investments, especially for higher-dimensional cases. This paper brings in a novel design-centering approach, which assembles forward surrogates founded at the level of response features and trust-region framework for direct optimization of the system yield. Formulating the problem with the use of characteristic points of the system response alleviates the issues related to response nonlinearities. At the same time, as the surrogate is a linear regression model, a rapid yield estimation is possible through numerical integration of the input probability distributions. As a result, expenditures related to design centering equal merely few dozens of EM analyses. The introduced technique is demonstrated using three microstrip couplers. It is compared to recently reported techniques, and its reliability is corroborated using EM-based Monte Carlo analysis. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T04:12:01Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-4fa42ab78a5d4df4b9957eb96d7a11a3 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1996-1073 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T04:12:01Z |
| publishDate | 2021-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Energies |
| spelling | doaj.art-4fa42ab78a5d4df4b9957eb96d7a11a32023-11-23T08:08:51ZengMDPI AGEnergies1996-10732021-12-011424855010.3390/en14248550Design Centering of Compact Microwave Components Using Response Features and Trust RegionsAnna Pietrenko-Dabrowska0Slawomir Koziel1Faculty of Electronics, Telecommunications and Informatics, Gdansk University of Technology, 80-233 Gdansk, PolandFaculty of Electronics, Telecommunications and Informatics, Gdansk University of Technology, 80-233 Gdansk, PolandFabrication tolerances, as well as uncertainties of other kinds, e.g., concerning material parameters or operating conditions, are detrimental to the performance of microwave circuits. Mitigating their impact requires accounting for possible parameter deviations already at the design stage. This involves optimization of appropriately defined statistical figures of merit such as yield. Although important, robust (or tolerance-aware) design is an intricate endeavor because manufacturing inaccuracies are normally described using probability distributions, and their quantification has to be based on statistical analysis. The major bottleneck here is high computational cost: for reliability reasons, miniaturized microwave components are evaluated using full-wave electromagnetic (EM) models, whereas conventionally utilized analysis methods (e.g., Monte Carlo simulation) are associated with massive circuit evaluations. A practical approach that allows for circumventing the aforementioned obstacles offers surrogate modeling techniques, which have been a dominant trend over the recent years. Notwithstanding, a construction of accurate metamodels may require considerable computational investments, especially for higher-dimensional cases. This paper brings in a novel design-centering approach, which assembles forward surrogates founded at the level of response features and trust-region framework for direct optimization of the system yield. Formulating the problem with the use of characteristic points of the system response alleviates the issues related to response nonlinearities. At the same time, as the surrogate is a linear regression model, a rapid yield estimation is possible through numerical integration of the input probability distributions. As a result, expenditures related to design centering equal merely few dozens of EM analyses. The introduced technique is demonstrated using three microstrip couplers. It is compared to recently reported techniques, and its reliability is corroborated using EM-based Monte Carlo analysis.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/14/24/8550design centeringrobust designyield optimizationmicrowave componentsresponse features |
| spellingShingle | Anna Pietrenko-Dabrowska Slawomir Koziel Design Centering of Compact Microwave Components Using Response Features and Trust Regions Energies design centering robust design yield optimization microwave components response features |
| title | Design Centering of Compact Microwave Components Using Response Features and Trust Regions |
| title_full | Design Centering of Compact Microwave Components Using Response Features and Trust Regions |
| title_fullStr | Design Centering of Compact Microwave Components Using Response Features and Trust Regions |
| title_full_unstemmed | Design Centering of Compact Microwave Components Using Response Features and Trust Regions |
| title_short | Design Centering of Compact Microwave Components Using Response Features and Trust Regions |
| title_sort | design centering of compact microwave components using response features and trust regions |
| topic | design centering robust design yield optimization microwave components response features |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/14/24/8550 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT annapietrenkodabrowska designcenteringofcompactmicrowavecomponentsusingresponsefeaturesandtrustregions AT slawomirkoziel designcenteringofcompactmicrowavecomponentsusingresponsefeaturesandtrustregions |