The Effect of Different Rhizobial Symbionts on the Composition and Diversity of Rhizosphere Microorganisms of Chickpea in Different Soils
Background: Chickpea (<i>Cicer arietinum</i> L.) is currently the third most important legume crop in the world. It could form root nodules with its symbiotic rhizobia in soils and perform bio-nitrogen fixation. <i>Mesorhizobium ciceri</i> is a prevalent species in the world,...
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MDPI AG
2023-09-01
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| Series: | Plants |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/12/19/3421 |
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| author | Junjie Zhang Nan Wang Shuo Li Jingqi Wang Yufeng Feng Entao Wang Youguo Li Tao Yang Wenfeng Chen |
| author_facet | Junjie Zhang Nan Wang Shuo Li Jingqi Wang Yufeng Feng Entao Wang Youguo Li Tao Yang Wenfeng Chen |
| author_sort | Junjie Zhang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background: Chickpea (<i>Cicer arietinum</i> L.) is currently the third most important legume crop in the world. It could form root nodules with its symbiotic rhizobia in soils and perform bio-nitrogen fixation. <i>Mesorhizobium ciceri</i> is a prevalent species in the world, except China, where <i>Mesorhizobium muleiense</i> is the main species associated with chickpea. There were significant differences in the competitive ability between <i>M. ciceri</i> and <i>M. muleiense</i> in sterilized and unsterilized soils collected from Xinjiang, China, where chickpea has been grown long term. In unsterilized soils, <i>M. muleiense</i> was more competitive than <i>M. ciceri</i>, while in sterilized soils, the opposite was the case. In addition, the competitive ability of <i>M. ciceri</i> in soils of new areas of chickpea cultivation was significantly higher than that of <i>M. muleiense</i>. It was speculated that there might be some biological factors in Xinjiang soils of China that could differentially affect the competitive nodulation of these two chickpea rhizobia. To address this question, we compared the composition and diversity of microorganisms in the rhizosphere of chickpea inoculated separately with the above two rhizobial species in soils from old and new chickpea-producing regions. Results: Chickpea rhizosphere microbial diversity and composition varied in different areas and were affected significantly due to rhizobial inoculation. In general, eight dominant phyla with 34 dominant genera and 10 dominant phyla with 47 dominant genera were detected in the rhizosphere of chickpea grown in soils of Xinjiang and of the new zones, respectively, with the inoculated rhizobia. Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria were dominant at the phylum level in the rhizosphere of all soils. <i>Pseudomonas</i> appeared significantly enriched after inoculation with <i>M. muleiense</i> in soils from Xinjiang, a phenomenon not found in the new areas of chickpea cultivation, demonstrating that <i>Pseudomonas</i> might be the key biological factor affecting the competitive colonization of <i>M. muleiense</i> and <i>M. ciceri</i> there. Conclusions: Different chickpea rhizobial inoculations of <i>M. muleiense</i> and <i>M. ciceri</i> affected the rhizosphere microbial composition in different sampling soils from different chickpea planting areas. Through high throughput sequencing and statistical analysis, it could be found that <i>Pseudomonas</i> might be the key microorganism influencing the competitive nodulation of different chickpea rhizobia in different soils, as it is the dominant non-rhizobia community in Xinjiang rhizosphere soils, but not in other areas. |
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| spelling | doaj.art-4fa4d8db88fc446fa3f6750abf716d6c2023-11-19T14:54:10ZengMDPI AGPlants2223-77472023-09-011219342110.3390/plants12193421The Effect of Different Rhizobial Symbionts on the Composition and Diversity of Rhizosphere Microorganisms of Chickpea in Different SoilsJunjie Zhang0Nan Wang1Shuo Li2Jingqi Wang3Yufeng Feng4Entao Wang5Youguo Li6Tao Yang7Wenfeng Chen8College of Food and Bioengineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 450002, ChinaCollege of Food and Bioengineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 450002, ChinaCollege of Food and Bioengineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 450002, ChinaCollege of Food and Bioengineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 450002, ChinaCollege of Food and Bioengineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 450002, ChinaDepartamento de Microbiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de Mexico C.P. 11340, MexicoState Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, ChinaInstitute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, ChinaCollege of Biological Sciences, Rhizobium Research Center, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, ChinaBackground: Chickpea (<i>Cicer arietinum</i> L.) is currently the third most important legume crop in the world. It could form root nodules with its symbiotic rhizobia in soils and perform bio-nitrogen fixation. <i>Mesorhizobium ciceri</i> is a prevalent species in the world, except China, where <i>Mesorhizobium muleiense</i> is the main species associated with chickpea. There were significant differences in the competitive ability between <i>M. ciceri</i> and <i>M. muleiense</i> in sterilized and unsterilized soils collected from Xinjiang, China, where chickpea has been grown long term. In unsterilized soils, <i>M. muleiense</i> was more competitive than <i>M. ciceri</i>, while in sterilized soils, the opposite was the case. In addition, the competitive ability of <i>M. ciceri</i> in soils of new areas of chickpea cultivation was significantly higher than that of <i>M. muleiense</i>. It was speculated that there might be some biological factors in Xinjiang soils of China that could differentially affect the competitive nodulation of these two chickpea rhizobia. To address this question, we compared the composition and diversity of microorganisms in the rhizosphere of chickpea inoculated separately with the above two rhizobial species in soils from old and new chickpea-producing regions. Results: Chickpea rhizosphere microbial diversity and composition varied in different areas and were affected significantly due to rhizobial inoculation. In general, eight dominant phyla with 34 dominant genera and 10 dominant phyla with 47 dominant genera were detected in the rhizosphere of chickpea grown in soils of Xinjiang and of the new zones, respectively, with the inoculated rhizobia. Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria were dominant at the phylum level in the rhizosphere of all soils. <i>Pseudomonas</i> appeared significantly enriched after inoculation with <i>M. muleiense</i> in soils from Xinjiang, a phenomenon not found in the new areas of chickpea cultivation, demonstrating that <i>Pseudomonas</i> might be the key biological factor affecting the competitive colonization of <i>M. muleiense</i> and <i>M. ciceri</i> there. Conclusions: Different chickpea rhizobial inoculations of <i>M. muleiense</i> and <i>M. ciceri</i> affected the rhizosphere microbial composition in different sampling soils from different chickpea planting areas. Through high throughput sequencing and statistical analysis, it could be found that <i>Pseudomonas</i> might be the key microorganism influencing the competitive nodulation of different chickpea rhizobia in different soils, as it is the dominant non-rhizobia community in Xinjiang rhizosphere soils, but not in other areas.https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/12/19/3421<i>Mesorhizobium ciceri</i><i>Mesorhizobium muleiense</i>Pseudomonascompetitive abilitychickpea |
| spellingShingle | Junjie Zhang Nan Wang Shuo Li Jingqi Wang Yufeng Feng Entao Wang Youguo Li Tao Yang Wenfeng Chen The Effect of Different Rhizobial Symbionts on the Composition and Diversity of Rhizosphere Microorganisms of Chickpea in Different Soils Plants <i>Mesorhizobium ciceri</i> <i>Mesorhizobium muleiense</i> Pseudomonas competitive ability chickpea |
| title | The Effect of Different Rhizobial Symbionts on the Composition and Diversity of Rhizosphere Microorganisms of Chickpea in Different Soils |
| title_full | The Effect of Different Rhizobial Symbionts on the Composition and Diversity of Rhizosphere Microorganisms of Chickpea in Different Soils |
| title_fullStr | The Effect of Different Rhizobial Symbionts on the Composition and Diversity of Rhizosphere Microorganisms of Chickpea in Different Soils |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Effect of Different Rhizobial Symbionts on the Composition and Diversity of Rhizosphere Microorganisms of Chickpea in Different Soils |
| title_short | The Effect of Different Rhizobial Symbionts on the Composition and Diversity of Rhizosphere Microorganisms of Chickpea in Different Soils |
| title_sort | effect of different rhizobial symbionts on the composition and diversity of rhizosphere microorganisms of chickpea in different soils |
| topic | <i>Mesorhizobium ciceri</i> <i>Mesorhizobium muleiense</i> Pseudomonas competitive ability chickpea |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/12/19/3421 |
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