Detailed Controller Synthesis and Laboratory Verification of a Matching-Controlled Grid-Forming Inverter for Microgrid Applications
Grid-forming inverters are the essential components in the effort to integrate renewable energy resources into stand-alone power systems and microgrids. Performance of these inverters directly depends on their control parameters embodied in the controller. Even the most conscientiously designed cont...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-12-01
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| Series: | Energies |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/16/24/8079 |
| _version_ | 1797381246638096384 |
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| author | Edgar Diego Gomez Anccas Kazem Pourhossein Daniel Becker Detlef Schulz |
| author_facet | Edgar Diego Gomez Anccas Kazem Pourhossein Daniel Becker Detlef Schulz |
| author_sort | Edgar Diego Gomez Anccas |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Grid-forming inverters are the essential components in the effort to integrate renewable energy resources into stand-alone power systems and microgrids. Performance of these inverters directly depends on their control parameters embodied in the controller. Even the most conscientiously designed controller will exhibit suboptimal performance upon implementation due to the presence of parasitic elements in the existing hardware. Hence, the controller has to be tuned and optimized. In the present article, the process of implementation, laboratory verification, and tuning of a matching-controlled grid-forming inverter is presented. In order to assess the efficiency of the grid-forming controller, its operation has been tested and analyzed in blackstart, steady state, and transient operation. For this purpose, a systematic sensitivity analysis has been conducted and the control parameters have been tuned in laboratory tests. The laboratory results verify proper operation of a 7 kW grid-forming inverter in all three test scenarios. After applying the proposed method on the tested grid-forming inverter in steady state operation, total harmonic distortion (THD) of the output voltage is less than 0.5% for its practical loading range (maximum THD is less than 1% in no-load condition). The system is able to blackstart and supply the loads. Finally, the studied grid-forming inverter is stable in the presence of severe step load changes and disturbances, i.e., voltage overshoot is managed well and compensated for with a low settling time using this approach. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T20:48:40Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-4fae92cc14e0452491b67525e87ee6f9 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1996-1073 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T20:48:40Z |
| publishDate | 2023-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Energies |
| spelling | doaj.art-4fae92cc14e0452491b67525e87ee6f92023-12-22T14:06:02ZengMDPI AGEnergies1996-10732023-12-011624807910.3390/en16248079Detailed Controller Synthesis and Laboratory Verification of a Matching-Controlled Grid-Forming Inverter for Microgrid ApplicationsEdgar Diego Gomez Anccas0Kazem Pourhossein1Daniel Becker2Detlef Schulz3Electrical Power Systems, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Helmut Schmidt University/University of the Federal Armed Forces Hamburg, 22043 Hamburg, GermanyElectrical Power Systems, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Helmut Schmidt University/University of the Federal Armed Forces Hamburg, 22043 Hamburg, GermanyElectrical Power Systems, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Helmut Schmidt University/University of the Federal Armed Forces Hamburg, 22043 Hamburg, GermanyElectrical Power Systems, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Helmut Schmidt University/University of the Federal Armed Forces Hamburg, 22043 Hamburg, GermanyGrid-forming inverters are the essential components in the effort to integrate renewable energy resources into stand-alone power systems and microgrids. Performance of these inverters directly depends on their control parameters embodied in the controller. Even the most conscientiously designed controller will exhibit suboptimal performance upon implementation due to the presence of parasitic elements in the existing hardware. Hence, the controller has to be tuned and optimized. In the present article, the process of implementation, laboratory verification, and tuning of a matching-controlled grid-forming inverter is presented. In order to assess the efficiency of the grid-forming controller, its operation has been tested and analyzed in blackstart, steady state, and transient operation. For this purpose, a systematic sensitivity analysis has been conducted and the control parameters have been tuned in laboratory tests. The laboratory results verify proper operation of a 7 kW grid-forming inverter in all three test scenarios. After applying the proposed method on the tested grid-forming inverter in steady state operation, total harmonic distortion (THD) of the output voltage is less than 0.5% for its practical loading range (maximum THD is less than 1% in no-load condition). The system is able to blackstart and supply the loads. Finally, the studied grid-forming inverter is stable in the presence of severe step load changes and disturbances, i.e., voltage overshoot is managed well and compensated for with a low settling time using this approach.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/16/24/8079grid-forming invertercontrol parameter tuninglaboratory verificationmatching control |
| spellingShingle | Edgar Diego Gomez Anccas Kazem Pourhossein Daniel Becker Detlef Schulz Detailed Controller Synthesis and Laboratory Verification of a Matching-Controlled Grid-Forming Inverter for Microgrid Applications Energies grid-forming inverter control parameter tuning laboratory verification matching control |
| title | Detailed Controller Synthesis and Laboratory Verification of a Matching-Controlled Grid-Forming Inverter for Microgrid Applications |
| title_full | Detailed Controller Synthesis and Laboratory Verification of a Matching-Controlled Grid-Forming Inverter for Microgrid Applications |
| title_fullStr | Detailed Controller Synthesis and Laboratory Verification of a Matching-Controlled Grid-Forming Inverter for Microgrid Applications |
| title_full_unstemmed | Detailed Controller Synthesis and Laboratory Verification of a Matching-Controlled Grid-Forming Inverter for Microgrid Applications |
| title_short | Detailed Controller Synthesis and Laboratory Verification of a Matching-Controlled Grid-Forming Inverter for Microgrid Applications |
| title_sort | detailed controller synthesis and laboratory verification of a matching controlled grid forming inverter for microgrid applications |
| topic | grid-forming inverter control parameter tuning laboratory verification matching control |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/16/24/8079 |
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