Hypertension, socioeconomic status and depressive and anxiety disorders: a cross-sectional study of middle-aged and older Chinese women
Objectives To investigate the association of hypertension with depressive and anxiety disorders in middle-aged and older Chinese women, and to further assess whether the association was influenced by socioeconomic status (SES).Design Nationwide cross-sectional study.Setting Six provinces of the east...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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BMJ Publishing Group
2023-12-01
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| Series: | BMJ Open |
| Online Access: | https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/13/12/e077598.full |
| _version_ | 1797369794356314112 |
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| author | Bo Song Xueyin Wang Xu Wang Di Gao Xiaosong Zhang |
| author_facet | Bo Song Xueyin Wang Xu Wang Di Gao Xiaosong Zhang |
| author_sort | Bo Song |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Objectives To investigate the association of hypertension with depressive and anxiety disorders in middle-aged and older Chinese women, and to further assess whether the association was influenced by socioeconomic status (SES).Design Nationwide cross-sectional study.Setting Six provinces of the eastern, central and western regions of China.Participants Women aged 40–70 years were included by a multistage stratified random cluster sampling in 2018 (N=9900).Primary outcome measures Depressive and anxiety disorders were measured by the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 and the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7, respectively. Logistic regression models were used to evaluate the OR and 95% CI for hypertension and the odds of depressive and anxiety disorders.Results 18.5% of participants reported having hypertension; 20.9% and 15.3% of women experienced depressive and anxiety disorders, respectively. After adjusting for potential confounders, women diagnosed with hypertension were more likely to have depressive (OR=1.27, 95% CI 1.11 to 1.45) and anxiety disorders (OR=1.48, 95% CI 1.28 to 1.71) than those without hypertension. Stratified analyses demonstrated that hypertension was significantly associated with higher odds of depressive disorders in women living in rural areas (OR=1.34, 95% CI 1.13 to 1.59), with lower levels of education (OR=1.28, 95% CI 1.12 to 1.46) and with average monthly household income <¥3000 (OR=1.33, 95% CI 1.12 to 1.59), while hypertension was significantly correlated with increased odds of anxiety disorders in women living in urban (OR=1.41, 95% CI 1.12 to 1.79) and rural areas (OR=1.53, 95% CI 1.27 to 1.84), with lower levels of education (OR=1.47, 95% CI 1.27 to 1.70), and with average monthly household income <¥3000 (OR=1.45, 95% CI 1.20 to 1.75) and ≥¥3000 (OR=1.49, 95% CI 1.18 to 1.86).Conclusions Hypertension was associated with increased odds of depressive and anxiety disorders among middle-aged and older women, especially in those with low SES. Effective strategies and actions for identification and management of hypertension and depressive and anxiety disorders are needed. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T17:52:02Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-4fb4f4fd6c374987a41425aecd7bca84 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2044-6055 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T17:52:02Z |
| publishDate | 2023-12-01 |
| publisher | BMJ Publishing Group |
| record_format | Article |
| series | BMJ Open |
| spelling | doaj.art-4fb4f4fd6c374987a41425aecd7bca842024-01-02T07:00:08ZengBMJ Publishing GroupBMJ Open2044-60552023-12-01131210.1136/bmjopen-2023-077598Hypertension, socioeconomic status and depressive and anxiety disorders: a cross-sectional study of middle-aged and older Chinese womenBo Song0Xueyin Wang1Xu Wang2Di Gao3Xiaosong Zhang4Department of Neurology, Meishan People`s Hospital, Meishan, Sichuan, China8 Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USAShanghai Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Research Institute, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, People`s Republic of ChinaInstitute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China4 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, ChinaObjectives To investigate the association of hypertension with depressive and anxiety disorders in middle-aged and older Chinese women, and to further assess whether the association was influenced by socioeconomic status (SES).Design Nationwide cross-sectional study.Setting Six provinces of the eastern, central and western regions of China.Participants Women aged 40–70 years were included by a multistage stratified random cluster sampling in 2018 (N=9900).Primary outcome measures Depressive and anxiety disorders were measured by the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 and the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7, respectively. Logistic regression models were used to evaluate the OR and 95% CI for hypertension and the odds of depressive and anxiety disorders.Results 18.5% of participants reported having hypertension; 20.9% and 15.3% of women experienced depressive and anxiety disorders, respectively. After adjusting for potential confounders, women diagnosed with hypertension were more likely to have depressive (OR=1.27, 95% CI 1.11 to 1.45) and anxiety disorders (OR=1.48, 95% CI 1.28 to 1.71) than those without hypertension. Stratified analyses demonstrated that hypertension was significantly associated with higher odds of depressive disorders in women living in rural areas (OR=1.34, 95% CI 1.13 to 1.59), with lower levels of education (OR=1.28, 95% CI 1.12 to 1.46) and with average monthly household income <¥3000 (OR=1.33, 95% CI 1.12 to 1.59), while hypertension was significantly correlated with increased odds of anxiety disorders in women living in urban (OR=1.41, 95% CI 1.12 to 1.79) and rural areas (OR=1.53, 95% CI 1.27 to 1.84), with lower levels of education (OR=1.47, 95% CI 1.27 to 1.70), and with average monthly household income <¥3000 (OR=1.45, 95% CI 1.20 to 1.75) and ≥¥3000 (OR=1.49, 95% CI 1.18 to 1.86).Conclusions Hypertension was associated with increased odds of depressive and anxiety disorders among middle-aged and older women, especially in those with low SES. Effective strategies and actions for identification and management of hypertension and depressive and anxiety disorders are needed.https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/13/12/e077598.full |
| spellingShingle | Bo Song Xueyin Wang Xu Wang Di Gao Xiaosong Zhang Hypertension, socioeconomic status and depressive and anxiety disorders: a cross-sectional study of middle-aged and older Chinese women BMJ Open |
| title | Hypertension, socioeconomic status and depressive and anxiety disorders: a cross-sectional study of middle-aged and older Chinese women |
| title_full | Hypertension, socioeconomic status and depressive and anxiety disorders: a cross-sectional study of middle-aged and older Chinese women |
| title_fullStr | Hypertension, socioeconomic status and depressive and anxiety disorders: a cross-sectional study of middle-aged and older Chinese women |
| title_full_unstemmed | Hypertension, socioeconomic status and depressive and anxiety disorders: a cross-sectional study of middle-aged and older Chinese women |
| title_short | Hypertension, socioeconomic status and depressive and anxiety disorders: a cross-sectional study of middle-aged and older Chinese women |
| title_sort | hypertension socioeconomic status and depressive and anxiety disorders a cross sectional study of middle aged and older chinese women |
| url | https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/13/12/e077598.full |
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