Investigating the Thermometric Performance of Inorganic Materials Doped with Nd<sup>3+</sup> under Infrared LED Excitation: An Alternative for Deep Tissue Luminescent Thermometry
Luminescent thermometers based on the luminescence intensity ratio between two thermally coupled levels have a strong appeal in the biomedical area due to the possibility of monitoring the temperature of deep tissues. In such procedures, it is necessary that the excitation and emission wavelengths a...
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MDPI AG
2023-04-01
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| Series: | Photonics |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2304-6732/10/5/485 |
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| author | André S. Laia Daniela A. Hora Marcos V. dos S. Rezende Maria A. Gomes Antônio C. Brandão-Silva Marcos A. C. dos Santos Noelio O. Dantas Anielle C. A. Silva José J. Rodrigues Mário E. G. Valerio Zélia S. Macedo Márcio A. R. C. Alencar |
| author_facet | André S. Laia Daniela A. Hora Marcos V. dos S. Rezende Maria A. Gomes Antônio C. Brandão-Silva Marcos A. C. dos Santos Noelio O. Dantas Anielle C. A. Silva José J. Rodrigues Mário E. G. Valerio Zélia S. Macedo Márcio A. R. C. Alencar |
| author_sort | André S. Laia |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Luminescent thermometers based on the luminescence intensity ratio between two thermally coupled levels have a strong appeal in the biomedical area due to the possibility of monitoring the temperature of deep tissues. In such procedures, it is necessary that the excitation and emission wavelengths are within the biological windows. Probes based on neodymium luminescence, with excitation and emission around 800 and 880 nm, are frequently proposed but have low relative sensitivity (0.2%.K<sup>−1</sup>) due to the small energy separation between the explored Stark sublevels. By changing the excitation wavelength to around 750 nm, it is possible to explore the thermal coupling between the <sup>4</sup>F<sub>5/2</sub> and <sup>4</sup>F<sub>3/2</sub> levels. However, lasers in this wavelength range are not common. An alternative is to use LEDs as an excitation source. As a proof of concept, we investigated the thermometric performance of three distinct Nd-doped luminescent probes under 730 nm LED excitation and 532 nm laser excitation: nanocrystalline Y<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>, LiBaPO<sub>4</sub> microcrystals, and lithium-boron-aluminum (LBA) glass. The results indicated that the use of LEDs as an excitation source can be applied in nano-, micro- and macro-structured probes, as it does not compromise the thermometric performance of the systems, which exhibited relative sensitivities of approximately 2%.K<sup>−1</sup>. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T03:24:18Z |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2304-6732 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T03:24:18Z |
| publishDate | 2023-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Photonics |
| spelling | doaj.art-4fb7782d791a4e999cb61f6c8e15f0082023-11-18T02:53:26ZengMDPI AGPhotonics2304-67322023-04-0110548510.3390/photonics10050485Investigating the Thermometric Performance of Inorganic Materials Doped with Nd<sup>3+</sup> under Infrared LED Excitation: An Alternative for Deep Tissue Luminescent ThermometryAndré S. Laia0Daniela A. Hora1Marcos V. dos S. Rezende2Maria A. Gomes3Antônio C. Brandão-Silva4Marcos A. C. dos Santos5Noelio O. Dantas6Anielle C. A. Silva7José J. Rodrigues8Mário E. G. Valerio9Zélia S. Macedo10Márcio A. R. C. Alencar11Physics Department, Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), São Cristóvão 49100-000, SE, BrazilGrupo de Nanomateriais Funcionais (GNF), Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, São Cristóvão 49100-000, SE, BrazilPhysics Department, Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), São Cristóvão 49100-000, SE, BrazilGrupo de Nanomateriais Funcionais (GNF), Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, São Cristóvão 49100-000, SE, BrazilPhysics Department, Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), São Cristóvão 49100-000, SE, BrazilPhysics Department, Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), São Cristóvão 49100-000, SE, BrazilLaboratory of New Nanostructured and Functional Materials, Physics Institute, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceió 57072-900, AL, BrazilLaboratory of New Nanostructured and Functional Materials, Physics Institute, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceió 57072-900, AL, BrazilPhysics Department, Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), São Cristóvão 49100-000, SE, BrazilPhysics Department, Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), São Cristóvão 49100-000, SE, BrazilPhysics Department, Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), São Cristóvão 49100-000, SE, BrazilPhysics Department, Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), São Cristóvão 49100-000, SE, BrazilLuminescent thermometers based on the luminescence intensity ratio between two thermally coupled levels have a strong appeal in the biomedical area due to the possibility of monitoring the temperature of deep tissues. In such procedures, it is necessary that the excitation and emission wavelengths are within the biological windows. Probes based on neodymium luminescence, with excitation and emission around 800 and 880 nm, are frequently proposed but have low relative sensitivity (0.2%.K<sup>−1</sup>) due to the small energy separation between the explored Stark sublevels. By changing the excitation wavelength to around 750 nm, it is possible to explore the thermal coupling between the <sup>4</sup>F<sub>5/2</sub> and <sup>4</sup>F<sub>3/2</sub> levels. However, lasers in this wavelength range are not common. An alternative is to use LEDs as an excitation source. As a proof of concept, we investigated the thermometric performance of three distinct Nd-doped luminescent probes under 730 nm LED excitation and 532 nm laser excitation: nanocrystalline Y<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>, LiBaPO<sub>4</sub> microcrystals, and lithium-boron-aluminum (LBA) glass. The results indicated that the use of LEDs as an excitation source can be applied in nano-, micro- and macro-structured probes, as it does not compromise the thermometric performance of the systems, which exhibited relative sensitivities of approximately 2%.K<sup>−1</sup>.https://www.mdpi.com/2304-6732/10/5/485luminescent thermometryluminescence intensity ratioNd-doped luminescent probesLEDs as an excitation source |
| spellingShingle | André S. Laia Daniela A. Hora Marcos V. dos S. Rezende Maria A. Gomes Antônio C. Brandão-Silva Marcos A. C. dos Santos Noelio O. Dantas Anielle C. A. Silva José J. Rodrigues Mário E. G. Valerio Zélia S. Macedo Márcio A. R. C. Alencar Investigating the Thermometric Performance of Inorganic Materials Doped with Nd<sup>3+</sup> under Infrared LED Excitation: An Alternative for Deep Tissue Luminescent Thermometry Photonics luminescent thermometry luminescence intensity ratio Nd-doped luminescent probes LEDs as an excitation source |
| title | Investigating the Thermometric Performance of Inorganic Materials Doped with Nd<sup>3+</sup> under Infrared LED Excitation: An Alternative for Deep Tissue Luminescent Thermometry |
| title_full | Investigating the Thermometric Performance of Inorganic Materials Doped with Nd<sup>3+</sup> under Infrared LED Excitation: An Alternative for Deep Tissue Luminescent Thermometry |
| title_fullStr | Investigating the Thermometric Performance of Inorganic Materials Doped with Nd<sup>3+</sup> under Infrared LED Excitation: An Alternative for Deep Tissue Luminescent Thermometry |
| title_full_unstemmed | Investigating the Thermometric Performance of Inorganic Materials Doped with Nd<sup>3+</sup> under Infrared LED Excitation: An Alternative for Deep Tissue Luminescent Thermometry |
| title_short | Investigating the Thermometric Performance of Inorganic Materials Doped with Nd<sup>3+</sup> under Infrared LED Excitation: An Alternative for Deep Tissue Luminescent Thermometry |
| title_sort | investigating the thermometric performance of inorganic materials doped with nd sup 3 sup under infrared led excitation an alternative for deep tissue luminescent thermometry |
| topic | luminescent thermometry luminescence intensity ratio Nd-doped luminescent probes LEDs as an excitation source |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2304-6732/10/5/485 |
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