Malaria and HIV coinfection in sub-Saharan Africa: prevalence, impact, and treatment strategies
Tebit E Kwenti1,2 1Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Buea, 2Regional Hospital Buea, Buea, Cameroon Abstract: Malaria and HIV, two of the world’s most deadly diseases, are widespread, but their distribution overlaps greatly in sub-Saharan A...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Dove Medical Press
2018-07-01
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| Series: | Research and Reports in Tropical Medicine |
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| Online Access: | https://www.dovepress.com/malaria-and-hiv-coinfection-in-sub-saharan-africa-prevalence-impact-an-peer-reviewed-article-RRTM |
| _version_ | 1828382987673141248 |
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| author | Kwenti TE |
| author_facet | Kwenti TE |
| author_sort | Kwenti TE |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Tebit E Kwenti1,2 1Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Buea, 2Regional Hospital Buea, Buea, Cameroon Abstract: Malaria and HIV, two of the world’s most deadly diseases, are widespread, but their distribution overlaps greatly in sub-Saharan Africa. Consequently, malaria and HIV coinfection (MHC) is common in the region. In this paper, pertinent publications on the prevalence, impact, and treatment strategies of MHC obtained by searching major electronic databases (PubMed, PubMed Central, Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, and Scopus) were reviewed, and it was found that the prevalence of MHC in SSA was 0.7%–47.5% overall. Prevalence was 0.7%–47.5% in nonpregnant adults, 1.2%–27.8% in children, and 0.94%–37% in pregnant women. MHC was associated with an increased frequency of clinical parasitemia and severe malaria, increased parasite and viral load, and impaired immunity to malaria in nonpregnant adults, children, and pregnant women, increased in placental malaria and related outcomes in pregnant women, and impaired antimalarial drug efficacy in nonpregnant adults and pregnant women. Although a few cases of adverse events have been reported in coinfected patients receiving antimalarial and antiretroviral drugs concurrently, available data are very limited and have not prompted major revision in treatment guidelines for both diseases. Artemisinin-based combination therapy and cotrimoxazole are currently the recommended drugs for treatment and prevention of malaria in HIV-infected children and adults. However, concurrent administration of cotrimoxazole and sulfadoxine–pyrimethamine in HIV-infected pregnant women is not recommended, because of high risk of sulfonamide toxicity. Further research is needed to enhance our understanding of the impact of malaria on HIV, drug–drug interactions in patients receiving antimalarials and antiretroviral drugs concomitantly, and the development of newer, safer, and more cost-effective drugs and vaccines to prevent malaria in HIV-infected pregnant women. Keywords: malaria, HIV, coinfection, prevalence, treatment, sub-Saharan Africa |
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| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-4fc46162a52b4021a2825b33cdc85918 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1179-7282 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-10T04:41:41Z |
| publishDate | 2018-07-01 |
| publisher | Dove Medical Press |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Research and Reports in Tropical Medicine |
| spelling | doaj.art-4fc46162a52b4021a2825b33cdc859182022-12-22T02:01:52ZengDove Medical PressResearch and Reports in Tropical Medicine1179-72822018-07-01Volume 912313639535Malaria and HIV coinfection in sub-Saharan Africa: prevalence, impact, and treatment strategiesKwenti TETebit E Kwenti1,2 1Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Buea, 2Regional Hospital Buea, Buea, Cameroon Abstract: Malaria and HIV, two of the world’s most deadly diseases, are widespread, but their distribution overlaps greatly in sub-Saharan Africa. Consequently, malaria and HIV coinfection (MHC) is common in the region. In this paper, pertinent publications on the prevalence, impact, and treatment strategies of MHC obtained by searching major electronic databases (PubMed, PubMed Central, Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, and Scopus) were reviewed, and it was found that the prevalence of MHC in SSA was 0.7%–47.5% overall. Prevalence was 0.7%–47.5% in nonpregnant adults, 1.2%–27.8% in children, and 0.94%–37% in pregnant women. MHC was associated with an increased frequency of clinical parasitemia and severe malaria, increased parasite and viral load, and impaired immunity to malaria in nonpregnant adults, children, and pregnant women, increased in placental malaria and related outcomes in pregnant women, and impaired antimalarial drug efficacy in nonpregnant adults and pregnant women. Although a few cases of adverse events have been reported in coinfected patients receiving antimalarial and antiretroviral drugs concurrently, available data are very limited and have not prompted major revision in treatment guidelines for both diseases. Artemisinin-based combination therapy and cotrimoxazole are currently the recommended drugs for treatment and prevention of malaria in HIV-infected children and adults. However, concurrent administration of cotrimoxazole and sulfadoxine–pyrimethamine in HIV-infected pregnant women is not recommended, because of high risk of sulfonamide toxicity. Further research is needed to enhance our understanding of the impact of malaria on HIV, drug–drug interactions in patients receiving antimalarials and antiretroviral drugs concomitantly, and the development of newer, safer, and more cost-effective drugs and vaccines to prevent malaria in HIV-infected pregnant women. Keywords: malaria, HIV, coinfection, prevalence, treatment, sub-Saharan Africahttps://www.dovepress.com/malaria-and-hiv-coinfection-in-sub-saharan-africa-prevalence-impact-an-peer-reviewed-article-RRTMMalariaHIVCoinfectionPrevalenceTreatmentSub-Saharan Africa |
| spellingShingle | Kwenti TE Malaria and HIV coinfection in sub-Saharan Africa: prevalence, impact, and treatment strategies Research and Reports in Tropical Medicine Malaria HIV Coinfection Prevalence Treatment Sub-Saharan Africa |
| title | Malaria and HIV coinfection in sub-Saharan Africa: prevalence, impact, and treatment strategies |
| title_full | Malaria and HIV coinfection in sub-Saharan Africa: prevalence, impact, and treatment strategies |
| title_fullStr | Malaria and HIV coinfection in sub-Saharan Africa: prevalence, impact, and treatment strategies |
| title_full_unstemmed | Malaria and HIV coinfection in sub-Saharan Africa: prevalence, impact, and treatment strategies |
| title_short | Malaria and HIV coinfection in sub-Saharan Africa: prevalence, impact, and treatment strategies |
| title_sort | malaria and hiv coinfection in sub saharan africa prevalence impact and treatment strategies |
| topic | Malaria HIV Coinfection Prevalence Treatment Sub-Saharan Africa |
| url | https://www.dovepress.com/malaria-and-hiv-coinfection-in-sub-saharan-africa-prevalence-impact-an-peer-reviewed-article-RRTM |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT kwentite malariaandhivcoinfectioninsubsaharanafricaprevalenceimpactandtreatmentstrategies |