Screening of cacao clones for drought tolerance by assessing predawn leaf water potential, growth, and leaf gas exchange
Drought in cacao-producing regions worldwide is causing a decrease in yield and, in severe cases, leading to plant death. This primarily affects small farmers who lack sufficient financial resources or water availability to irrigate their plantations. This study aimed to test 83 cacao clonal genotyp...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Elsevier
2023-12-01
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| Series: | Plant Stress |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667064X23001124 |
| _version_ | 1827609420407767040 |
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| author | Ivanildes Conceição dos Santos Gonçalo Santos Silva João Paulo Lima Silva Jadiel de Santana Souza Martielly Santana dos Santos José Olímpio de Souza Junior Alex-Alan Furtado de Almeida Ronan Xavier Corrêa Virupax Chanabasappa Baligar Dapeng Zhang Juan Calle-Bellido Haiyan Jia Dário Ahnert |
| author_facet | Ivanildes Conceição dos Santos Gonçalo Santos Silva João Paulo Lima Silva Jadiel de Santana Souza Martielly Santana dos Santos José Olímpio de Souza Junior Alex-Alan Furtado de Almeida Ronan Xavier Corrêa Virupax Chanabasappa Baligar Dapeng Zhang Juan Calle-Bellido Haiyan Jia Dário Ahnert |
| author_sort | Ivanildes Conceição dos Santos |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Drought in cacao-producing regions worldwide is causing a decrease in yield and, in severe cases, leading to plant death. This primarily affects small farmers who lack sufficient financial resources or water availability to irrigate their plantations. This study aimed to test 83 cacao clonal genotypes for drought tolerance by evaluating their physiological and morphological features. These genotypes, referred to as drought-tolerant cacao (DTC) genotypes, were selected through mass selection from regions of Bahia, Brazil, severely affected by prolonged droughts. Seedlings of the DTC clonal genotypes and two control clones (CCN 51- drought-intolerant and CEPEC 2002 – drought-tolerant) were obtained from rooted cuttings of plagiotropic branches and evaluated under greenhouse conditions. Three experiments (EXP 1, 2, and 3) were conducted using a randomized block design, with three replications each and two plants per replication of each clonal genotype to test for drought tolerance. Data analyses were conducted using univariate and multivariate statistical analysis. DTC and control clones were subjected to varying soil moisture contents [70, 60, 50, 40, and 30 % of field capacity (FC)] and their controls (maintained close to 100 % of FC) for approximately 40 to 60 days. The results revealed significant statistical differences in growth variables before the plants were subjected to drought. They were categorized based on vigor into three, four, and three groups for EXP 1, 2, and 3, respectively during cluster analysis. DTC and control clones subjected to drought (70, 60, 50, 40, and 30 % of FC) exhibited significant statistical differences in physiological traits compared to the traits of their respective controls (100 % of FC). However, plant growth remained largely unchanged under drought stress (30 or 40 % of FC). DTC clonal genotypes 15, 17, 23, 41, 61, 66, 90, 91, 92, and 93 were more efficient in maintaining net photosynthesis (A) with decreases in soil moisture, showing greater changes only at 40 % of FC. DTC clonal genotypes 14, 32, 41, 61, 69, 70, 88, 89, 92, 95, and 108 maintained stomatal conductance (gs) values similar to those of their controls. Twenty-three DTC clonal genotypes maintained values of A, gs, E, Ci, A/gs, and A/E close to their respective controls, suggesting that these genotypes present features for drought tolerance. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T07:33:07Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-4fe26449211343718117e8eb307b6188 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2667-064X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T07:33:07Z |
| publishDate | 2023-12-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Plant Stress |
| spelling | doaj.art-4fe26449211343718117e8eb307b61882023-12-03T05:43:32ZengElsevierPlant Stress2667-064X2023-12-0110100245Screening of cacao clones for drought tolerance by assessing predawn leaf water potential, growth, and leaf gas exchangeIvanildes Conceição dos Santos0Gonçalo Santos Silva1João Paulo Lima Silva2Jadiel de Santana Souza3Martielly Santana dos Santos4José Olímpio de Souza Junior5Alex-Alan Furtado de Almeida6Ronan Xavier Corrêa7Virupax Chanabasappa Baligar8Dapeng Zhang9Juan Calle-Bellido10Haiyan Jia11Dário Ahnert12Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Rodovia Jorge Amado, km 16, 45662-900, Ilhéus, Bahia, BrazilUniversidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Rodovia Jorge Amado, km 16, 45662-900, Ilhéus, Bahia, Brazil; Centro de Inovação do Cacau, Ilhéus, Bahia, Brazil; Corresponding author at: Departamento de Ciências Biológicas (DCB), Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Rodovia Jorge Amado, km 16, 45662-900, Ilhéus, Bahia, Brazil.Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Rodovia Jorge Amado, km 16, 45662-900, Ilhéus, Bahia, BrazilCentro de Inovação do Cacau, Ilhéus, Bahia, BrazilUniversidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Rodovia Jorge Amado, km 16, 45662-900, Ilhéus, Bahia, BrazilUniversidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Rodovia Jorge Amado, km 16, 45662-900, Ilhéus, Bahia, BrazilUniversidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Rodovia Jorge Amado, km 16, 45662-900, Ilhéus, Bahia, BrazilUniversidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Rodovia Jorge Amado, km 16, 45662-900, Ilhéus, Bahia, BrazilUSDA-ARS-Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Beltsville, MD, United States of AmericaUSDA-ARS-Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Beltsville, MD, United States of AmericaMondelez International, East Hanover, NJ, United States of AmericaMondelez International, Reading, England, United KingdomUniversidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Rodovia Jorge Amado, km 16, 45662-900, Ilhéus, Bahia, Brazil; Centro de Inovação do Cacau, Ilhéus, Bahia, BrazilDrought in cacao-producing regions worldwide is causing a decrease in yield and, in severe cases, leading to plant death. This primarily affects small farmers who lack sufficient financial resources or water availability to irrigate their plantations. This study aimed to test 83 cacao clonal genotypes for drought tolerance by evaluating their physiological and morphological features. These genotypes, referred to as drought-tolerant cacao (DTC) genotypes, were selected through mass selection from regions of Bahia, Brazil, severely affected by prolonged droughts. Seedlings of the DTC clonal genotypes and two control clones (CCN 51- drought-intolerant and CEPEC 2002 – drought-tolerant) were obtained from rooted cuttings of plagiotropic branches and evaluated under greenhouse conditions. Three experiments (EXP 1, 2, and 3) were conducted using a randomized block design, with three replications each and two plants per replication of each clonal genotype to test for drought tolerance. Data analyses were conducted using univariate and multivariate statistical analysis. DTC and control clones were subjected to varying soil moisture contents [70, 60, 50, 40, and 30 % of field capacity (FC)] and their controls (maintained close to 100 % of FC) for approximately 40 to 60 days. The results revealed significant statistical differences in growth variables before the plants were subjected to drought. They were categorized based on vigor into three, four, and three groups for EXP 1, 2, and 3, respectively during cluster analysis. DTC and control clones subjected to drought (70, 60, 50, 40, and 30 % of FC) exhibited significant statistical differences in physiological traits compared to the traits of their respective controls (100 % of FC). However, plant growth remained largely unchanged under drought stress (30 or 40 % of FC). DTC clonal genotypes 15, 17, 23, 41, 61, 66, 90, 91, 92, and 93 were more efficient in maintaining net photosynthesis (A) with decreases in soil moisture, showing greater changes only at 40 % of FC. DTC clonal genotypes 14, 32, 41, 61, 69, 70, 88, 89, 92, 95, and 108 maintained stomatal conductance (gs) values similar to those of their controls. Twenty-three DTC clonal genotypes maintained values of A, gs, E, Ci, A/gs, and A/E close to their respective controls, suggesting that these genotypes present features for drought tolerance.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667064X23001124Theobroma cacaoDrought toleranceClonal genotypesPlant growth and photosynthesis |
| spellingShingle | Ivanildes Conceição dos Santos Gonçalo Santos Silva João Paulo Lima Silva Jadiel de Santana Souza Martielly Santana dos Santos José Olímpio de Souza Junior Alex-Alan Furtado de Almeida Ronan Xavier Corrêa Virupax Chanabasappa Baligar Dapeng Zhang Juan Calle-Bellido Haiyan Jia Dário Ahnert Screening of cacao clones for drought tolerance by assessing predawn leaf water potential, growth, and leaf gas exchange Plant Stress Theobroma cacao Drought tolerance Clonal genotypes Plant growth and photosynthesis |
| title | Screening of cacao clones for drought tolerance by assessing predawn leaf water potential, growth, and leaf gas exchange |
| title_full | Screening of cacao clones for drought tolerance by assessing predawn leaf water potential, growth, and leaf gas exchange |
| title_fullStr | Screening of cacao clones for drought tolerance by assessing predawn leaf water potential, growth, and leaf gas exchange |
| title_full_unstemmed | Screening of cacao clones for drought tolerance by assessing predawn leaf water potential, growth, and leaf gas exchange |
| title_short | Screening of cacao clones for drought tolerance by assessing predawn leaf water potential, growth, and leaf gas exchange |
| title_sort | screening of cacao clones for drought tolerance by assessing predawn leaf water potential growth and leaf gas exchange |
| topic | Theobroma cacao Drought tolerance Clonal genotypes Plant growth and photosynthesis |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667064X23001124 |
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