An Integrated Approach for the Valorization of Sea Bass (<i>Dicentrarchus labrax</i>) Side Streams: Evaluation of Contaminants and Development of Antioxidant Protein Extracts by Pressurized Liquid Extraction
In this study, the presence of As, Hg, Cd, Pb, and mycotoxins in sea bass side streams (muscle, head, viscera, skin, and tailfin) was evaluated as a preliminary step to assess the effect of an innovative extraction technique (Pressurized Liquid Extraction; PLE) to obtain antioxidant protein extracts...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-03-01
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| Series: | Foods |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/10/3/546 |
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| author | Beatriz de la Fuente Noelia Pallarés Francisco J. Barba Houda Berrada |
| author_facet | Beatriz de la Fuente Noelia Pallarés Francisco J. Barba Houda Berrada |
| author_sort | Beatriz de la Fuente |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In this study, the presence of As, Hg, Cd, Pb, and mycotoxins in sea bass side streams (muscle, head, viscera, skin, and tailfin) was evaluated as a preliminary step to assess the effect of an innovative extraction technique (Pressurized Liquid Extraction; PLE) to obtain antioxidant protein extracts. Then, a response surface methodology-central composite design was used to evaluate and optimize the PLE extraction factors (pH, temperature, and extraction time) in terms of total protein content and total antioxidant capacity (TEAC and ORAC). Heavy metals were found in all samples while DON mycotoxin only in viscera, both far below the safe limits established by authorities for fish muscle tissue and fish feed, respectively. The selected optimal PLE extraction conditions were pH 7, 20 °C, 5 min for muscle, pH 4, 60 °C, 15 min for heads, pH 7, 50 °C, 15 min for viscera, pH 7, 55 °C, 5 min for skin, and pH 7, 60 °C, 15 min for tailfins. Optimal PLE conditions allowed increasing protein content (1.2–4.5 fold) and antioxidant capacity (1–5 fold) of sea bass side stream extracts compared to controls (conventional extraction). The highest amount of protein was extracted from muscle while the highest protein recovery percentage was found in viscera. Muscle, head, and viscera extracts showed higher antioxidant capacity than skin and tailfin extracts. Moreover, different SDS-PAGE patterns were observed among samples and a greater quantity of protein fragments of lower molecular weight were found in optimal than control extracts. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T05:13:53Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-4fe732c51ea844b2a3d555254ce1c924 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2304-8158 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T05:13:53Z |
| publishDate | 2021-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Foods |
| spelling | doaj.art-4fe732c51ea844b2a3d555254ce1c9242023-12-03T12:47:08ZengMDPI AGFoods2304-81582021-03-0110354610.3390/foods10030546An Integrated Approach for the Valorization of Sea Bass (<i>Dicentrarchus labrax</i>) Side Streams: Evaluation of Contaminants and Development of Antioxidant Protein Extracts by Pressurized Liquid ExtractionBeatriz de la Fuente0Noelia Pallarés1Francisco J. Barba2Houda Berrada3Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Food Science, Toxicology and Forensic Medicine Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitat de València, Avenida. Vicent Andrés Estellés, Burjassot, 46100 València, SpainPreventive Medicine and Public Health, Food Science, Toxicology and Forensic Medicine Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitat de València, Avenida. Vicent Andrés Estellés, Burjassot, 46100 València, SpainPreventive Medicine and Public Health, Food Science, Toxicology and Forensic Medicine Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitat de València, Avenida. Vicent Andrés Estellés, Burjassot, 46100 València, SpainPreventive Medicine and Public Health, Food Science, Toxicology and Forensic Medicine Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitat de València, Avenida. Vicent Andrés Estellés, Burjassot, 46100 València, SpainIn this study, the presence of As, Hg, Cd, Pb, and mycotoxins in sea bass side streams (muscle, head, viscera, skin, and tailfin) was evaluated as a preliminary step to assess the effect of an innovative extraction technique (Pressurized Liquid Extraction; PLE) to obtain antioxidant protein extracts. Then, a response surface methodology-central composite design was used to evaluate and optimize the PLE extraction factors (pH, temperature, and extraction time) in terms of total protein content and total antioxidant capacity (TEAC and ORAC). Heavy metals were found in all samples while DON mycotoxin only in viscera, both far below the safe limits established by authorities for fish muscle tissue and fish feed, respectively. The selected optimal PLE extraction conditions were pH 7, 20 °C, 5 min for muscle, pH 4, 60 °C, 15 min for heads, pH 7, 50 °C, 15 min for viscera, pH 7, 55 °C, 5 min for skin, and pH 7, 60 °C, 15 min for tailfins. Optimal PLE conditions allowed increasing protein content (1.2–4.5 fold) and antioxidant capacity (1–5 fold) of sea bass side stream extracts compared to controls (conventional extraction). The highest amount of protein was extracted from muscle while the highest protein recovery percentage was found in viscera. Muscle, head, and viscera extracts showed higher antioxidant capacity than skin and tailfin extracts. Moreover, different SDS-PAGE patterns were observed among samples and a greater quantity of protein fragments of lower molecular weight were found in optimal than control extracts.https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/10/3/546pressurized liquid extractionsea bassside streamsproteinSDS-PAGEantioxidant capacity |
| spellingShingle | Beatriz de la Fuente Noelia Pallarés Francisco J. Barba Houda Berrada An Integrated Approach for the Valorization of Sea Bass (<i>Dicentrarchus labrax</i>) Side Streams: Evaluation of Contaminants and Development of Antioxidant Protein Extracts by Pressurized Liquid Extraction Foods pressurized liquid extraction sea bass side streams protein SDS-PAGE antioxidant capacity |
| title | An Integrated Approach for the Valorization of Sea Bass (<i>Dicentrarchus labrax</i>) Side Streams: Evaluation of Contaminants and Development of Antioxidant Protein Extracts by Pressurized Liquid Extraction |
| title_full | An Integrated Approach for the Valorization of Sea Bass (<i>Dicentrarchus labrax</i>) Side Streams: Evaluation of Contaminants and Development of Antioxidant Protein Extracts by Pressurized Liquid Extraction |
| title_fullStr | An Integrated Approach for the Valorization of Sea Bass (<i>Dicentrarchus labrax</i>) Side Streams: Evaluation of Contaminants and Development of Antioxidant Protein Extracts by Pressurized Liquid Extraction |
| title_full_unstemmed | An Integrated Approach for the Valorization of Sea Bass (<i>Dicentrarchus labrax</i>) Side Streams: Evaluation of Contaminants and Development of Antioxidant Protein Extracts by Pressurized Liquid Extraction |
| title_short | An Integrated Approach for the Valorization of Sea Bass (<i>Dicentrarchus labrax</i>) Side Streams: Evaluation of Contaminants and Development of Antioxidant Protein Extracts by Pressurized Liquid Extraction |
| title_sort | integrated approach for the valorization of sea bass i dicentrarchus labrax i side streams evaluation of contaminants and development of antioxidant protein extracts by pressurized liquid extraction |
| topic | pressurized liquid extraction sea bass side streams protein SDS-PAGE antioxidant capacity |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/10/3/546 |
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