Development of Ultrafiltration Kaolin Membranes over Sand and Zeolite Supports for the Treatment of Electroplating Wastewater
A high cost of high-purity materials is one of the major factors that limit the application of ceramic membranes. Consequently, the focus was shifted to using natural and abundant low-cost materials such as zeolite, clay, sand, etc. as alternatives to well-known pure metallic oxides, such as alumina...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2022-10-01
|
| Series: | Membranes |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0375/12/11/1066 |
| _version_ | 1827646136293261312 |
|---|---|
| author | Hajer Aloulou Wala Aloulou Joelle Duplay Lassaad Baklouti Lasâad Dammak Raja Ben Amar |
| author_facet | Hajer Aloulou Wala Aloulou Joelle Duplay Lassaad Baklouti Lasâad Dammak Raja Ben Amar |
| author_sort | Hajer Aloulou |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | A high cost of high-purity materials is one of the major factors that limit the application of ceramic membranes. Consequently, the focus was shifted to using natural and abundant low-cost materials such as zeolite, clay, sand, etc. as alternatives to well-known pure metallic oxides, such as alumina, silica, zirconia and titania, which are usually used for ceramic membrane fabrication. As a contribution to this area, the development and characterization of new low-cost ultrafiltration (UF) membranes made from natural Tunisian kaolin are presented in this work. The asymmetric ceramic membranes were developed via layer-by-layer and slip-casting methods by direct coating on tubular supports previously prepared from sand and zeolite via the extrusion process. Referring to the results, it was found that the UF kaolin top layer is homogenous and exhibits good adhesion to different supports. In addition, the kaolin/sand and kaolin/zeolite membranes present an average pore diameter in the range of 4–17 nm and 28 nm, and water permeability of 491 L/h·m<sup>2</sup>·bar and 182 L/h·m<sup>2</sup>·bar, respectively. Both membranes were evaluated in their treatment of electroplating wastewater. This was done by removing oil and heavy metals using a homemade crossflow UF pilot plant operated at a temperature of 60 °C to reduce the viscosity of the effluent, and the transmembrane pressure (TMP) of 1 and 3 bar for kaolin/sand and kaolin/zeolite, respectively. Under these conditions, our membranes exhibit high permeability in the range of 306–336 L/h·m<sup>2</sup>·bar, an almost total oil and lead retention, a retention up to 96% for chemical oxygen demand (COD), 96% for copper and 94% for zinc. The overall data suggest that the developed kaolin membranes have the potential for remediation of oily industrial effluents contaminated by oil and heavy metals. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T18:50:47Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-4fee4584d0c3433e984c542628d5f828 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2077-0375 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T18:50:47Z |
| publishDate | 2022-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Membranes |
| spelling | doaj.art-4fee4584d0c3433e984c542628d5f8282023-11-24T05:48:33ZengMDPI AGMembranes2077-03752022-10-011211106610.3390/membranes12111066Development of Ultrafiltration Kaolin Membranes over Sand and Zeolite Supports for the Treatment of Electroplating WastewaterHajer Aloulou0Wala Aloulou1Joelle Duplay2Lassaad Baklouti3Lasâad Dammak4Raja Ben Amar5Research Unit Advanced Technologies for Environment and Smart Cities, Faculty of Sciences, University of Sfax, UR22ES02, BP1171, Sfax 3000, TunisiaResearch Unit Advanced Technologies for Environment and Smart Cities, Faculty of Sciences, University of Sfax, UR22ES02, BP1171, Sfax 3000, TunisiaITES-Institut Terre et Environnement de Strasbourg, Université de Strasbourg, UMR 7063 CNRS, 5, Rue René Descartes, 67084 Strasbourg, FranceDepartment of Chemistry, College of Sciences and Arts at Ar Rass, Qassim University, Ar Rass 51921, Saudi ArabiaUniversité Paris-Est Créteil, CNRS, ICMPE, UMR 7182, 2 Rue Henri Dunant, 94320 Thiais, FranceResearch Unit Advanced Technologies for Environment and Smart Cities, Faculty of Sciences, University of Sfax, UR22ES02, BP1171, Sfax 3000, TunisiaA high cost of high-purity materials is one of the major factors that limit the application of ceramic membranes. Consequently, the focus was shifted to using natural and abundant low-cost materials such as zeolite, clay, sand, etc. as alternatives to well-known pure metallic oxides, such as alumina, silica, zirconia and titania, which are usually used for ceramic membrane fabrication. As a contribution to this area, the development and characterization of new low-cost ultrafiltration (UF) membranes made from natural Tunisian kaolin are presented in this work. The asymmetric ceramic membranes were developed via layer-by-layer and slip-casting methods by direct coating on tubular supports previously prepared from sand and zeolite via the extrusion process. Referring to the results, it was found that the UF kaolin top layer is homogenous and exhibits good adhesion to different supports. In addition, the kaolin/sand and kaolin/zeolite membranes present an average pore diameter in the range of 4–17 nm and 28 nm, and water permeability of 491 L/h·m<sup>2</sup>·bar and 182 L/h·m<sup>2</sup>·bar, respectively. Both membranes were evaluated in their treatment of electroplating wastewater. This was done by removing oil and heavy metals using a homemade crossflow UF pilot plant operated at a temperature of 60 °C to reduce the viscosity of the effluent, and the transmembrane pressure (TMP) of 1 and 3 bar for kaolin/sand and kaolin/zeolite, respectively. Under these conditions, our membranes exhibit high permeability in the range of 306–336 L/h·m<sup>2</sup>·bar, an almost total oil and lead retention, a retention up to 96% for chemical oxygen demand (COD), 96% for copper and 94% for zinc. The overall data suggest that the developed kaolin membranes have the potential for remediation of oily industrial effluents contaminated by oil and heavy metals.https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0375/12/11/1066kaolinceramic composite membraneultrafiltrationoily wastewaterheavy metals |
| spellingShingle | Hajer Aloulou Wala Aloulou Joelle Duplay Lassaad Baklouti Lasâad Dammak Raja Ben Amar Development of Ultrafiltration Kaolin Membranes over Sand and Zeolite Supports for the Treatment of Electroplating Wastewater Membranes kaolin ceramic composite membrane ultrafiltration oily wastewater heavy metals |
| title | Development of Ultrafiltration Kaolin Membranes over Sand and Zeolite Supports for the Treatment of Electroplating Wastewater |
| title_full | Development of Ultrafiltration Kaolin Membranes over Sand and Zeolite Supports for the Treatment of Electroplating Wastewater |
| title_fullStr | Development of Ultrafiltration Kaolin Membranes over Sand and Zeolite Supports for the Treatment of Electroplating Wastewater |
| title_full_unstemmed | Development of Ultrafiltration Kaolin Membranes over Sand and Zeolite Supports for the Treatment of Electroplating Wastewater |
| title_short | Development of Ultrafiltration Kaolin Membranes over Sand and Zeolite Supports for the Treatment of Electroplating Wastewater |
| title_sort | development of ultrafiltration kaolin membranes over sand and zeolite supports for the treatment of electroplating wastewater |
| topic | kaolin ceramic composite membrane ultrafiltration oily wastewater heavy metals |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0375/12/11/1066 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT hajeraloulou developmentofultrafiltrationkaolinmembranesoversandandzeolitesupportsforthetreatmentofelectroplatingwastewater AT walaaloulou developmentofultrafiltrationkaolinmembranesoversandandzeolitesupportsforthetreatmentofelectroplatingwastewater AT joelleduplay developmentofultrafiltrationkaolinmembranesoversandandzeolitesupportsforthetreatmentofelectroplatingwastewater AT lassaadbaklouti developmentofultrafiltrationkaolinmembranesoversandandzeolitesupportsforthetreatmentofelectroplatingwastewater AT lasaaddammak developmentofultrafiltrationkaolinmembranesoversandandzeolitesupportsforthetreatmentofelectroplatingwastewater AT rajabenamar developmentofultrafiltrationkaolinmembranesoversandandzeolitesupportsforthetreatmentofelectroplatingwastewater |