Validation of the Portuguese Variant of the Munich Chronotype Questionnaire (MCTQPT)
IntroductionDifferences in the manner circadian clocks entrain to the 24-h day are expressions of different chronotypes that can range from extreme early to extreme late, from proverbial larks to owls. The Morningness Eveningness Questionnaire (MEQ) was one of the first to assess daily preference ba...
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2020-07-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Physiology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fphys.2020.00795/full |
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| author | Cátia Reis Cátia Reis Cátia Reis Sara Gamboa Madeira Sara Gamboa Madeira Luísa V. Lopes Teresa Paiva Teresa Paiva Teresa Paiva Till Roenneberg |
| author_facet | Cátia Reis Cátia Reis Cátia Reis Sara Gamboa Madeira Sara Gamboa Madeira Luísa V. Lopes Teresa Paiva Teresa Paiva Teresa Paiva Till Roenneberg |
| author_sort | Cátia Reis |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | IntroductionDifferences in the manner circadian clocks entrain to the 24-h day are expressions of different chronotypes that can range from extreme early to extreme late, from proverbial larks to owls. The Morningness Eveningness Questionnaire (MEQ) was one of the first to assess daily preference based on subjective self-assessment – a psychological construct. The later developed Munich Chronotype Questionnaire (MCTQ) uses instead the actual sleep timing to assess chronotype. It calculates the mid-sleep point, halfway between onset and offset on work-free days (MSF), which is then corrected for potential oversleep on free days compensating for sleep debt accumulated over the workweek (MSFsc). MSFsc is expressed in local time and is thought to be a proxy for “phase of entrainment” of the circadian clock. The MCTQ-derived chronotype is therefore a biological construct. In the present report, we validate the Portuguese variant (MCTQPT) of the MCTQ. Portugal is of particular interest, since it is thought to consist of especially late chronotypes.MethodsWe have used three methods to assess the timing of daily behavior, namely, the chronotype (MCTQ), the daily preference (rMEQ), and a simple self-assessment (time-of-day type). A total of 80 healthy adults living in Portugal, with age and sex distributed according to the Portuguese population, were recruited. We analyzed 4 weeks of continuous records of actimetry data to validate the MCTQPT and used the rMEQ to compare between a biological chronotype (sleep timing) and a psychological chronotype (daily preference). MCTQ variables were analyzed by descriptive statistics; correspondence between measurements was done by Spearman correlations or cross-tabulation; in a subset of 41 individuals, test–retest reliability was assessed.ResultsMCTQ-derived variables (MSF, MSW, MSFsc) correlated highly with their counterparts calculated from actimetry (MSW: rho = 0.697; MSF: rho = 0.747; MSFsc: rho = 0.646; all p < 0.001). The MCTQ assessment of the chronotype showed good test–retest reliability (rho = 0.905; p < 0.001). The rMEQ score correlates with MSFsc (rho = −0.695; p < 0.001), and the agreement for the self-assessment with the MSFsc was fair (kw = 0.386; p < 0.001).ConclusionThe Portuguese variant of the MCTQ revealed to be a reliable questionnaire to assess the chronotype for the Portuguese adult population, as previously reported for other countries. |
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| spelling | doaj.art-4ff15a93f187463ab8b68bed7543e3722022-12-21T20:51:33ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Physiology1664-042X2020-07-011110.3389/fphys.2020.00795554664Validation of the Portuguese Variant of the Munich Chronotype Questionnaire (MCTQPT)Cátia Reis0Cátia Reis1Cátia Reis2Sara Gamboa Madeira3Sara Gamboa Madeira4Luísa V. Lopes5Teresa Paiva6Teresa Paiva7Teresa Paiva8Till Roenneberg9Centro de Medicina de Sono (CENC), Lisbon, PortugalInstituto de Saúde Ambiental (ISAMB), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, PortugalInstituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, PortugalInstituto de Saúde Ambiental (ISAMB), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, PortugalUnidade de Saúde Familiar Mactamã, Administração Regional de Saúde de Lisboa e Vale do Tejo (ARSLVT), Lisbon, PortugalInstituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, PortugalCentro de Medicina de Sono (CENC), Lisbon, PortugalInstituto de Saúde Ambiental (ISAMB), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, PortugalComprehensive Health Research Center (CHRC), Nova Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Lisbon, PortugalInstitute for Medical Psychology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig-Maximilians University (LMU), Munich, GermanyIntroductionDifferences in the manner circadian clocks entrain to the 24-h day are expressions of different chronotypes that can range from extreme early to extreme late, from proverbial larks to owls. The Morningness Eveningness Questionnaire (MEQ) was one of the first to assess daily preference based on subjective self-assessment – a psychological construct. The later developed Munich Chronotype Questionnaire (MCTQ) uses instead the actual sleep timing to assess chronotype. It calculates the mid-sleep point, halfway between onset and offset on work-free days (MSF), which is then corrected for potential oversleep on free days compensating for sleep debt accumulated over the workweek (MSFsc). MSFsc is expressed in local time and is thought to be a proxy for “phase of entrainment” of the circadian clock. The MCTQ-derived chronotype is therefore a biological construct. In the present report, we validate the Portuguese variant (MCTQPT) of the MCTQ. Portugal is of particular interest, since it is thought to consist of especially late chronotypes.MethodsWe have used three methods to assess the timing of daily behavior, namely, the chronotype (MCTQ), the daily preference (rMEQ), and a simple self-assessment (time-of-day type). A total of 80 healthy adults living in Portugal, with age and sex distributed according to the Portuguese population, were recruited. We analyzed 4 weeks of continuous records of actimetry data to validate the MCTQPT and used the rMEQ to compare between a biological chronotype (sleep timing) and a psychological chronotype (daily preference). MCTQ variables were analyzed by descriptive statistics; correspondence between measurements was done by Spearman correlations or cross-tabulation; in a subset of 41 individuals, test–retest reliability was assessed.ResultsMCTQ-derived variables (MSF, MSW, MSFsc) correlated highly with their counterparts calculated from actimetry (MSW: rho = 0.697; MSF: rho = 0.747; MSFsc: rho = 0.646; all p < 0.001). The MCTQ assessment of the chronotype showed good test–retest reliability (rho = 0.905; p < 0.001). The rMEQ score correlates with MSFsc (rho = −0.695; p < 0.001), and the agreement for the self-assessment with the MSFsc was fair (kw = 0.386; p < 0.001).ConclusionThe Portuguese variant of the MCTQ revealed to be a reliable questionnaire to assess the chronotype for the Portuguese adult population, as previously reported for other countries.https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fphys.2020.00795/fullphase of entrainmentMCTQactimetrychronotypevalidation |
| spellingShingle | Cátia Reis Cátia Reis Cátia Reis Sara Gamboa Madeira Sara Gamboa Madeira Luísa V. Lopes Teresa Paiva Teresa Paiva Teresa Paiva Till Roenneberg Validation of the Portuguese Variant of the Munich Chronotype Questionnaire (MCTQPT) Frontiers in Physiology phase of entrainment MCTQ actimetry chronotype validation |
| title | Validation of the Portuguese Variant of the Munich Chronotype Questionnaire (MCTQPT) |
| title_full | Validation of the Portuguese Variant of the Munich Chronotype Questionnaire (MCTQPT) |
| title_fullStr | Validation of the Portuguese Variant of the Munich Chronotype Questionnaire (MCTQPT) |
| title_full_unstemmed | Validation of the Portuguese Variant of the Munich Chronotype Questionnaire (MCTQPT) |
| title_short | Validation of the Portuguese Variant of the Munich Chronotype Questionnaire (MCTQPT) |
| title_sort | validation of the portuguese variant of the munich chronotype questionnaire mctqpt |
| topic | phase of entrainment MCTQ actimetry chronotype validation |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fphys.2020.00795/full |
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