Longitudinal Relationship between Self-efficacy and Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms 8 Years after a Violent Assault: An Autoregressive Cross-Lagged Model
Self-efficacy is assumed to promote posttraumatic adaption, and several cross-sectional studies support this notion. However, there is a lack of prospective longitudinal studies to further illuminate the temporal relationship between self-efficacy and posttraumatic stress symptoms. Thus, an importan...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2017-06-01
|
| Series: | Frontiers in Psychology |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00913/full |
| _version_ | 1818066577015177216 |
|---|---|
| author | Egil Nygaard Venke A. Johansen Venke A. Johansen Johan Siqveland Johan Siqveland Ajmal Hussain Trond Heir Trond Heir |
| author_facet | Egil Nygaard Venke A. Johansen Venke A. Johansen Johan Siqveland Johan Siqveland Ajmal Hussain Trond Heir Trond Heir |
| author_sort | Egil Nygaard |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Self-efficacy is assumed to promote posttraumatic adaption, and several cross-sectional studies support this notion. However, there is a lack of prospective longitudinal studies to further illuminate the temporal relationship between self-efficacy and posttraumatic stress symptoms. Thus, an important unresolved research question is whether posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms affect the level of self-efficacy or vice versa or whether they mutually influence each other. The present prospective longitudinal study investigated the reciprocal relationship between general self-efficacy (GSE) and posttraumatic stress symptoms in 143 physical assault victims. We used an autoregressive cross-lagged model across four assessment waves: within 4 months after the assault (T1) and then 3 months (T2), 12 months (T3) and 8 years (T4) after the first assessment. Stress symptoms at T1 and T2 predicted subsequent self-efficacy, while self-efficacy at T1 and T2 was not related to subsequent stress symptoms. These relationships were reversed after T3; higher levels of self-efficacy at T3 predicted lower levels of posttraumatic stress symptoms at T4, while posttraumatic tress symptoms at T3 did not predict self-efficacy at T4. In conclusion, posttraumatic stress symptoms may have a deteriorating effect on self-efficacy in the early phase after physical assault, whereas self-efficacy may promote recovery from posttraumatic stress symptoms over the long term. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-10T15:09:59Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-4ffdde4e27ee42fc818241fd075966ce |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-1078 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-10T15:09:59Z |
| publishDate | 2017-06-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Psychology |
| spelling | doaj.art-4ffdde4e27ee42fc818241fd075966ce2022-12-22T01:43:57ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Psychology1664-10782017-06-01810.3389/fpsyg.2017.00913266099Longitudinal Relationship between Self-efficacy and Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms 8 Years after a Violent Assault: An Autoregressive Cross-Lagged ModelEgil Nygaard0Venke A. Johansen1Venke A. Johansen2Johan Siqveland3Johan Siqveland4Ajmal Hussain5Trond Heir6Trond Heir7Department of Psychology, University of OsloOslo, NorwayResource Centre on Violence, Traumatic Stress and Suicide Prevention, Western Norway (RVTS West), Haukeland University HospitalBergen, NorwayWestern Norway University of Applied SciencesBergen, NorwayDepartment of Mental Health Services, Akershus University HospitalLørenskog, NorwayInstitute of Clinical Medicine, University of OsloOslo, NorwayDepartment of Mental Health Services, Akershus University HospitalLørenskog, NorwayInstitute of Clinical Medicine, University of OsloOslo, NorwayNorwegian Centre for Violence and Traumatic Stress StudiesOslo, NorwaySelf-efficacy is assumed to promote posttraumatic adaption, and several cross-sectional studies support this notion. However, there is a lack of prospective longitudinal studies to further illuminate the temporal relationship between self-efficacy and posttraumatic stress symptoms. Thus, an important unresolved research question is whether posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms affect the level of self-efficacy or vice versa or whether they mutually influence each other. The present prospective longitudinal study investigated the reciprocal relationship between general self-efficacy (GSE) and posttraumatic stress symptoms in 143 physical assault victims. We used an autoregressive cross-lagged model across four assessment waves: within 4 months after the assault (T1) and then 3 months (T2), 12 months (T3) and 8 years (T4) after the first assessment. Stress symptoms at T1 and T2 predicted subsequent self-efficacy, while self-efficacy at T1 and T2 was not related to subsequent stress symptoms. These relationships were reversed after T3; higher levels of self-efficacy at T3 predicted lower levels of posttraumatic stress symptoms at T4, while posttraumatic tress symptoms at T3 did not predict self-efficacy at T4. In conclusion, posttraumatic stress symptoms may have a deteriorating effect on self-efficacy in the early phase after physical assault, whereas self-efficacy may promote recovery from posttraumatic stress symptoms over the long term.http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00913/fullassaultautoregressive cross-laggedlongitudinalposttraumatic stress symptomsPTSDself-efficacy |
| spellingShingle | Egil Nygaard Venke A. Johansen Venke A. Johansen Johan Siqveland Johan Siqveland Ajmal Hussain Trond Heir Trond Heir Longitudinal Relationship between Self-efficacy and Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms 8 Years after a Violent Assault: An Autoregressive Cross-Lagged Model Frontiers in Psychology assault autoregressive cross-lagged longitudinal posttraumatic stress symptoms PTSD self-efficacy |
| title | Longitudinal Relationship between Self-efficacy and Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms 8 Years after a Violent Assault: An Autoregressive Cross-Lagged Model |
| title_full | Longitudinal Relationship between Self-efficacy and Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms 8 Years after a Violent Assault: An Autoregressive Cross-Lagged Model |
| title_fullStr | Longitudinal Relationship between Self-efficacy and Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms 8 Years after a Violent Assault: An Autoregressive Cross-Lagged Model |
| title_full_unstemmed | Longitudinal Relationship between Self-efficacy and Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms 8 Years after a Violent Assault: An Autoregressive Cross-Lagged Model |
| title_short | Longitudinal Relationship between Self-efficacy and Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms 8 Years after a Violent Assault: An Autoregressive Cross-Lagged Model |
| title_sort | longitudinal relationship between self efficacy and posttraumatic stress symptoms 8 years after a violent assault an autoregressive cross lagged model |
| topic | assault autoregressive cross-lagged longitudinal posttraumatic stress symptoms PTSD self-efficacy |
| url | http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00913/full |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT egilnygaard longitudinalrelationshipbetweenselfefficacyandposttraumaticstresssymptoms8yearsafteraviolentassaultanautoregressivecrosslaggedmodel AT venkeajohansen longitudinalrelationshipbetweenselfefficacyandposttraumaticstresssymptoms8yearsafteraviolentassaultanautoregressivecrosslaggedmodel AT venkeajohansen longitudinalrelationshipbetweenselfefficacyandposttraumaticstresssymptoms8yearsafteraviolentassaultanautoregressivecrosslaggedmodel AT johansiqveland longitudinalrelationshipbetweenselfefficacyandposttraumaticstresssymptoms8yearsafteraviolentassaultanautoregressivecrosslaggedmodel AT johansiqveland longitudinalrelationshipbetweenselfefficacyandposttraumaticstresssymptoms8yearsafteraviolentassaultanautoregressivecrosslaggedmodel AT ajmalhussain longitudinalrelationshipbetweenselfefficacyandposttraumaticstresssymptoms8yearsafteraviolentassaultanautoregressivecrosslaggedmodel AT trondheir longitudinalrelationshipbetweenselfefficacyandposttraumaticstresssymptoms8yearsafteraviolentassaultanautoregressivecrosslaggedmodel AT trondheir longitudinalrelationshipbetweenselfefficacyandposttraumaticstresssymptoms8yearsafteraviolentassaultanautoregressivecrosslaggedmodel |