A<sub>2A</sub>R as a Prognostic Marker and a Potential Immunotherapy Target in Human Glioma
Gliomas are considered one of the most malignant tumors in the body. The immune system has the ability to control the initiation and development of tumors, including gliomas. Thus, immune cells find themselves controlled by various molecular pathways, inhibiting their activation, such as the immunos...
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MDPI AG
2023-04-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
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| author | Soumaya Rafii Amina Ghouzlani Oumayma Naji Saadia Ait Ssi Sarah Kandoussi Abdelhakim Lakhdar Abdallah Badou |
| author_facet | Soumaya Rafii Amina Ghouzlani Oumayma Naji Saadia Ait Ssi Sarah Kandoussi Abdelhakim Lakhdar Abdallah Badou |
| author_sort | Soumaya Rafii |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Gliomas are considered one of the most malignant tumors in the body. The immune system has the ability to control the initiation and development of tumors, including gliomas. Thus, immune cells find themselves controlled by various molecular pathways, inhibiting their activation, such as the immunosuppressive adenosine 2A receptor (A<sub>2A</sub>R). Our objective was to establish the expression profile and role of <i>A<sub>2A</sub>R</i> at the transcriptomic level, using real-time RT-PCR in Moroccan glioma patients, in addition to TCGA and CGGA cohorts. The real-time RT-PCR results in Moroccan patients showed that high expression of this gene was associated with poor survival in males. Our study on the CGGA cohort corroborated these results. In addition, there was a positive association of <i>A<sub>2A</sub>R</i> with T-cell exhaustion genes. <i>A<sub>2A</sub>R</i> also correlated strongly with genes that are primarily enriched in focal adhesion and extracellular matrix interactions, inducing epithelial mesenchymal transition, angiogenesis, and glioma growth. However, in the TCGA cohort, the <i>A<sub>2A</sub>R</i> showed results that were different from the two previously examined cohorts. In fact, this gene was instead linked to a good prognosis in patients with the astrocytoma histological type. The correlation and enrichment results reinforced the prognostic role of <i>A<sub>2A</sub>R</i> in this TCGA cohort, in which its high expression was shown to be related to lymphocyte differentiation and a successful cytolytic response, suggesting a more efficient anti-tumor immune response. Correlations and differential analyses based on <i>A<sub>2A</sub>R</i> gene expression, to understand the cause of the association of this gene with two different prognoses (CGGA males and TCGA Astrocytoma), showed that the overexpression of A<sub>2A</sub>R in Chinese male patients could be associated with the overexpression of extracellular adenosine, which binds to A<sub>2A</sub>R to induce immunosuppression and consequently a poor prognosis. However, in the second group (TCGA astrocytomas), the overexpression of the gene could be associated with an adenosine deficiency, and therefore this receptor does not undergo activation. The absence of <i>A<sub>2A</sub>R</i> activation in these patients may have protected them from immunosuppression, which could reflect the good prognosis. <i>A<sub>2A</sub>R</i> can be considered a promising therapeutic target in male CGGA and Moroccan patients with gliomas. |
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| spelling | doaj.art-5001f4b2c5b34e90b87969ce43fe8ad52023-11-17T16:54:38ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672023-04-01247668810.3390/ijms24076688A<sub>2A</sub>R as a Prognostic Marker and a Potential Immunotherapy Target in Human GliomaSoumaya Rafii0Amina Ghouzlani1Oumayma Naji2Saadia Ait Ssi3Sarah Kandoussi4Abdelhakim Lakhdar5Abdallah Badou6Immuno-Genetics and Human Pathologies Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hassan II University, Casablanca 20000, MoroccoImmuno-Genetics and Human Pathologies Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hassan II University, Casablanca 20000, MoroccoImmuno-Genetics and Human Pathologies Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hassan II University, Casablanca 20000, MoroccoImmuno-Genetics and Human Pathologies Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hassan II University, Casablanca 20000, MoroccoImmuno-Genetics and Human Pathologies Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hassan II University, Casablanca 20000, MoroccoDepartment of Neurosurgery, UHC Ibn Rochd, Casablanca 20250, MoroccoImmuno-Genetics and Human Pathologies Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hassan II University, Casablanca 20000, MoroccoGliomas are considered one of the most malignant tumors in the body. The immune system has the ability to control the initiation and development of tumors, including gliomas. Thus, immune cells find themselves controlled by various molecular pathways, inhibiting their activation, such as the immunosuppressive adenosine 2A receptor (A<sub>2A</sub>R). Our objective was to establish the expression profile and role of <i>A<sub>2A</sub>R</i> at the transcriptomic level, using real-time RT-PCR in Moroccan glioma patients, in addition to TCGA and CGGA cohorts. The real-time RT-PCR results in Moroccan patients showed that high expression of this gene was associated with poor survival in males. Our study on the CGGA cohort corroborated these results. In addition, there was a positive association of <i>A<sub>2A</sub>R</i> with T-cell exhaustion genes. <i>A<sub>2A</sub>R</i> also correlated strongly with genes that are primarily enriched in focal adhesion and extracellular matrix interactions, inducing epithelial mesenchymal transition, angiogenesis, and glioma growth. However, in the TCGA cohort, the <i>A<sub>2A</sub>R</i> showed results that were different from the two previously examined cohorts. In fact, this gene was instead linked to a good prognosis in patients with the astrocytoma histological type. The correlation and enrichment results reinforced the prognostic role of <i>A<sub>2A</sub>R</i> in this TCGA cohort, in which its high expression was shown to be related to lymphocyte differentiation and a successful cytolytic response, suggesting a more efficient anti-tumor immune response. Correlations and differential analyses based on <i>A<sub>2A</sub>R</i> gene expression, to understand the cause of the association of this gene with two different prognoses (CGGA males and TCGA Astrocytoma), showed that the overexpression of A<sub>2A</sub>R in Chinese male patients could be associated with the overexpression of extracellular adenosine, which binds to A<sub>2A</sub>R to induce immunosuppression and consequently a poor prognosis. However, in the second group (TCGA astrocytomas), the overexpression of the gene could be associated with an adenosine deficiency, and therefore this receptor does not undergo activation. The absence of <i>A<sub>2A</sub>R</i> activation in these patients may have protected them from immunosuppression, which could reflect the good prognosis. <i>A<sub>2A</sub>R</i> can be considered a promising therapeutic target in male CGGA and Moroccan patients with gliomas.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/7/6688human gliomaimmune systemimmune checkpoints<i>A<sub>2A</sub>R</i>transcriptomic level |
| spellingShingle | Soumaya Rafii Amina Ghouzlani Oumayma Naji Saadia Ait Ssi Sarah Kandoussi Abdelhakim Lakhdar Abdallah Badou A<sub>2A</sub>R as a Prognostic Marker and a Potential Immunotherapy Target in Human Glioma International Journal of Molecular Sciences human glioma immune system immune checkpoints <i>A<sub>2A</sub>R</i> transcriptomic level |
| title | A<sub>2A</sub>R as a Prognostic Marker and a Potential Immunotherapy Target in Human Glioma |
| title_full | A<sub>2A</sub>R as a Prognostic Marker and a Potential Immunotherapy Target in Human Glioma |
| title_fullStr | A<sub>2A</sub>R as a Prognostic Marker and a Potential Immunotherapy Target in Human Glioma |
| title_full_unstemmed | A<sub>2A</sub>R as a Prognostic Marker and a Potential Immunotherapy Target in Human Glioma |
| title_short | A<sub>2A</sub>R as a Prognostic Marker and a Potential Immunotherapy Target in Human Glioma |
| title_sort | a sub 2a sub r as a prognostic marker and a potential immunotherapy target in human glioma |
| topic | human glioma immune system immune checkpoints <i>A<sub>2A</sub>R</i> transcriptomic level |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/7/6688 |
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