Producing polyglycerol polyester polyol for thermoplastic polyurethane application: A novel valorization of glycerol, a by-product of biodiesel production
The production of biodiesel generates glycerol as a by-product that needs valorization. Glycerol, when converted to polyglycerol, is a potential polyol for bio-based thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) production. In this study, a novel polyglycerol polyester polyol (PPP) was developed from refined gly...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2023-09-01
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| Series: | Heliyon |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405844023066999 |
| _version_ | 1797669833452552192 |
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| author | Mike Jhun P. Calderon Gerard G. Dumancas Carlo S. Gutierrez Alona A. Lubguban Arnold C. Alguno Roberto M. Malaluan Arnold A. Lubguban |
| author_facet | Mike Jhun P. Calderon Gerard G. Dumancas Carlo S. Gutierrez Alona A. Lubguban Arnold C. Alguno Roberto M. Malaluan Arnold A. Lubguban |
| author_sort | Mike Jhun P. Calderon |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The production of biodiesel generates glycerol as a by-product that needs valorization. Glycerol, when converted to polyglycerol, is a potential polyol for bio-based thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) production. In this study, a novel polyglycerol polyester polyol (PPP) was developed from refined glycerol and coconut oil-based polyester polyol. Glycerol was first converted to glycerol acetate and then polymerized with coconut oil-based polyester polyol (CPP) as secondary polyol and phthalic anhydride. The resulting PPP polymerized at 220 °C and OH:COOH molar ratio of 2.5 exhibited an OH number of <100 mg KOH·g sample−1, an acid number of <10 mg KOH·g sample−1, and a molecular weight (MW) of 3697 g mol−1 meeting the polyol requirement properties for TPU (Handlin et al., 2001; Parcheta et al., 2020) [1-2]. Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopic characterization determined that higher reaction temperatures increase the polymerization rate and decrease the OH and acid numbers. Further, higher OH:COOH molar ratios decrease the polymerization rate and acid number, and increase the OH number. Gel permeation chromatography determined the molecular weight of PPP and suggested two distinct molecular structures which differ only in the number of moles of CPP in the structure. A differential scanning calorimetric (DSC) experiment on a sample of PPP-based polyurethane revealed that it was able to melt and remelt after 3 heating cycles which demonstrates its thermoplastic ability. The novel PPP derived from the glycerol by-product of biodiesel industries can potentially replace petroleum-derived polyols for TPU production. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T20:50:32Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-500bad61390f4cf287996c9aec2f1e63 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2405-8440 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T20:50:32Z |
| publishDate | 2023-09-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Heliyon |
| spelling | doaj.art-500bad61390f4cf287996c9aec2f1e632023-10-01T05:59:50ZengElsevierHeliyon2405-84402023-09-0199e19491Producing polyglycerol polyester polyol for thermoplastic polyurethane application: A novel valorization of glycerol, a by-product of biodiesel productionMike Jhun P. Calderon0Gerard G. Dumancas1Carlo S. Gutierrez2Alona A. Lubguban3Arnold C. Alguno4Roberto M. Malaluan5Arnold A. Lubguban6Center for Sustainable Polymers, Mindanao State University - Iligan Institute of Technology, Iligan City, 9200, Philippines; Department of Materials and Resources Engineering and Technology, Graduate School of Engineering, Mindanao State University - Iligan Institute of Technology, Iligan City, 9200, PhilippinesDepartment of Chemistry, The University of Scranton, Scranton, PA, 18510, USAComparative Asian Studies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 11926Department of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Studies, University of the Philippines Rural High School, Paciano Rizal, Bay, Laguna, 4033, PhilippinesCenter for Sustainable Polymers, Mindanao State University - Iligan Institute of Technology, Iligan City, 9200, PhilippinesCenter for Sustainable Polymers, Mindanao State University - Iligan Institute of Technology, Iligan City, 9200, Philippines; Department of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Mindanao State University - Iligan Institute of Technology, Iligan City, 9200, PhilippinesCenter for Sustainable Polymers, Mindanao State University - Iligan Institute of Technology, Iligan City, 9200, Philippines; Department of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Mindanao State University - Iligan Institute of Technology, Iligan City, 9200, Philippines; Corresponding author. Center for Sustainable Polymers, Mindanao State University - Iligan Institute of Technology, Iligan City, 9200, Philippines.The production of biodiesel generates glycerol as a by-product that needs valorization. Glycerol, when converted to polyglycerol, is a potential polyol for bio-based thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) production. In this study, a novel polyglycerol polyester polyol (PPP) was developed from refined glycerol and coconut oil-based polyester polyol. Glycerol was first converted to glycerol acetate and then polymerized with coconut oil-based polyester polyol (CPP) as secondary polyol and phthalic anhydride. The resulting PPP polymerized at 220 °C and OH:COOH molar ratio of 2.5 exhibited an OH number of <100 mg KOH·g sample−1, an acid number of <10 mg KOH·g sample−1, and a molecular weight (MW) of 3697 g mol−1 meeting the polyol requirement properties for TPU (Handlin et al., 2001; Parcheta et al., 2020) [1-2]. Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopic characterization determined that higher reaction temperatures increase the polymerization rate and decrease the OH and acid numbers. Further, higher OH:COOH molar ratios decrease the polymerization rate and acid number, and increase the OH number. Gel permeation chromatography determined the molecular weight of PPP and suggested two distinct molecular structures which differ only in the number of moles of CPP in the structure. A differential scanning calorimetric (DSC) experiment on a sample of PPP-based polyurethane revealed that it was able to melt and remelt after 3 heating cycles which demonstrates its thermoplastic ability. The novel PPP derived from the glycerol by-product of biodiesel industries can potentially replace petroleum-derived polyols for TPU production.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405844023066999Thermoplastic polyurethaneGlycerolPolyglycerolBio-basedCoconut oil-based polyol |
| spellingShingle | Mike Jhun P. Calderon Gerard G. Dumancas Carlo S. Gutierrez Alona A. Lubguban Arnold C. Alguno Roberto M. Malaluan Arnold A. Lubguban Producing polyglycerol polyester polyol for thermoplastic polyurethane application: A novel valorization of glycerol, a by-product of biodiesel production Heliyon Thermoplastic polyurethane Glycerol Polyglycerol Bio-based Coconut oil-based polyol |
| title | Producing polyglycerol polyester polyol for thermoplastic polyurethane application: A novel valorization of glycerol, a by-product of biodiesel production |
| title_full | Producing polyglycerol polyester polyol for thermoplastic polyurethane application: A novel valorization of glycerol, a by-product of biodiesel production |
| title_fullStr | Producing polyglycerol polyester polyol for thermoplastic polyurethane application: A novel valorization of glycerol, a by-product of biodiesel production |
| title_full_unstemmed | Producing polyglycerol polyester polyol for thermoplastic polyurethane application: A novel valorization of glycerol, a by-product of biodiesel production |
| title_short | Producing polyglycerol polyester polyol for thermoplastic polyurethane application: A novel valorization of glycerol, a by-product of biodiesel production |
| title_sort | producing polyglycerol polyester polyol for thermoplastic polyurethane application a novel valorization of glycerol a by product of biodiesel production |
| topic | Thermoplastic polyurethane Glycerol Polyglycerol Bio-based Coconut oil-based polyol |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405844023066999 |
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