Investigations of the Chemical Distribution in Sorbitol and Citric Acid (SorCA) Treated Wood—Development of a Quality Control Method on the Basis of Electromagnetic Radiation
Recent studies showed treatments with sorbitol and citric acid (SorCA) to significantly improve the dimensional stability and biological durability of wood. The industrialization of this process requires a quality control (QC) method to determine if the fixated chemicals are homogenously distributed...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-01-01
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| Series: | Forests |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4907/13/2/151 |
| _version_ | 1797480266427531264 |
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| author | Katarzyna Kurkowiak Aaron K. Mayer Lukas Emmerich Holger Militz |
| author_facet | Katarzyna Kurkowiak Aaron K. Mayer Lukas Emmerich Holger Militz |
| author_sort | Katarzyna Kurkowiak |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Recent studies showed treatments with sorbitol and citric acid (SorCA) to significantly improve the dimensional stability and biological durability of wood. The industrialization of this process requires a quality control (QC) method to determine if the fixated chemicals are homogenously distributed within the piece of wood, which is essential for uniform material performance. Therefore, the objective of this work was to evaluate the use of common electromagnetic radiation-based methods to determine the degree of modification in SorCA-treated wood. Both Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy have been used to create rough calibrations for the weight percent gain (WPG) prediction models. The FTIR measurements resulted in a high linear correlation between the band area ratio (BAR) and the WPG (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.93). Additionally, a partial least square (PLS) regression of NIR spectroscopic data resulted in a model with a high prediction power (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.83). Furthermore, X-ray density profiling emerged as a simple alternative for the QC by showing a gradient of modification chemicals inside the sample and differences in chemical uptake between earlywood and latewood. Overall, it can be concluded that the results from FTIR, NIR and X-ray densitometry can serve as indicators of impregnation chemical distribution in SorCA-modified wood. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T21:57:34Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-500db453c46d48babaf27f255bba72f7 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1999-4907 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T21:57:34Z |
| publishDate | 2022-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Forests |
| spelling | doaj.art-500db453c46d48babaf27f255bba72f72023-11-23T19:55:03ZengMDPI AGForests1999-49072022-01-0113215110.3390/f13020151Investigations of the Chemical Distribution in Sorbitol and Citric Acid (SorCA) Treated Wood—Development of a Quality Control Method on the Basis of Electromagnetic RadiationKatarzyna Kurkowiak0Aaron K. Mayer1Lukas Emmerich2Holger Militz3Wood Biology and Wood Products, University of Goettingen, Buesgenweg 4, 37077 Goettingen, GermanyWood Biology and Wood Products, University of Goettingen, Buesgenweg 4, 37077 Goettingen, GermanyWood Biology and Wood Products, University of Goettingen, Buesgenweg 4, 37077 Goettingen, GermanyWood Biology and Wood Products, University of Goettingen, Buesgenweg 4, 37077 Goettingen, GermanyRecent studies showed treatments with sorbitol and citric acid (SorCA) to significantly improve the dimensional stability and biological durability of wood. The industrialization of this process requires a quality control (QC) method to determine if the fixated chemicals are homogenously distributed within the piece of wood, which is essential for uniform material performance. Therefore, the objective of this work was to evaluate the use of common electromagnetic radiation-based methods to determine the degree of modification in SorCA-treated wood. Both Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy have been used to create rough calibrations for the weight percent gain (WPG) prediction models. The FTIR measurements resulted in a high linear correlation between the band area ratio (BAR) and the WPG (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.93). Additionally, a partial least square (PLS) regression of NIR spectroscopic data resulted in a model with a high prediction power (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.83). Furthermore, X-ray density profiling emerged as a simple alternative for the QC by showing a gradient of modification chemicals inside the sample and differences in chemical uptake between earlywood and latewood. Overall, it can be concluded that the results from FTIR, NIR and X-ray densitometry can serve as indicators of impregnation chemical distribution in SorCA-modified wood.https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4907/13/2/151citric acidfourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopynear-infrared (NIR) spectroscopyquality control (QC)sorbitolwood modification |
| spellingShingle | Katarzyna Kurkowiak Aaron K. Mayer Lukas Emmerich Holger Militz Investigations of the Chemical Distribution in Sorbitol and Citric Acid (SorCA) Treated Wood—Development of a Quality Control Method on the Basis of Electromagnetic Radiation Forests citric acid fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy quality control (QC) sorbitol wood modification |
| title | Investigations of the Chemical Distribution in Sorbitol and Citric Acid (SorCA) Treated Wood—Development of a Quality Control Method on the Basis of Electromagnetic Radiation |
| title_full | Investigations of the Chemical Distribution in Sorbitol and Citric Acid (SorCA) Treated Wood—Development of a Quality Control Method on the Basis of Electromagnetic Radiation |
| title_fullStr | Investigations of the Chemical Distribution in Sorbitol and Citric Acid (SorCA) Treated Wood—Development of a Quality Control Method on the Basis of Electromagnetic Radiation |
| title_full_unstemmed | Investigations of the Chemical Distribution in Sorbitol and Citric Acid (SorCA) Treated Wood—Development of a Quality Control Method on the Basis of Electromagnetic Radiation |
| title_short | Investigations of the Chemical Distribution in Sorbitol and Citric Acid (SorCA) Treated Wood—Development of a Quality Control Method on the Basis of Electromagnetic Radiation |
| title_sort | investigations of the chemical distribution in sorbitol and citric acid sorca treated wood development of a quality control method on the basis of electromagnetic radiation |
| topic | citric acid fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy quality control (QC) sorbitol wood modification |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4907/13/2/151 |
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