NaOH-Activated Natural Glauconite for Low-Cost Adsorption of Congo Red Dye
To explore the adsorption of Congo red (CR) dye from textile effluent, natural clay glauconite was employed as a sustainable and inexpensive adsorbent. The effects of varying concentrations of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) on glauconite alteration were examined. Furthermore, this research focuses on the o...
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2023-10-01
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| author | Ahmed Hamd Doaa Salah Huda Fadol Alyafei Nofal K. Soliman Ahmed A. M. El-Reedy Ali M. Elzanaty Sameerah I. Al-Saeedi Azza Al-Ghamdi Mohamed Shaban Refat El-Sayed Sayed A. Ahmed |
| author_facet | Ahmed Hamd Doaa Salah Huda Fadol Alyafei Nofal K. Soliman Ahmed A. M. El-Reedy Ali M. Elzanaty Sameerah I. Al-Saeedi Azza Al-Ghamdi Mohamed Shaban Refat El-Sayed Sayed A. Ahmed |
| author_sort | Ahmed Hamd |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | To explore the adsorption of Congo red (CR) dye from textile effluent, natural clay glauconite was employed as a sustainable and inexpensive adsorbent. The effects of varying concentrations of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) on glauconite alteration were examined. Furthermore, this research focuses on the optimal NaOH concentration that improves removal efficiency and adsorption capacity. Thus, four NaOH solutions of concentrations ranging from 1 M to 4 M were used to activate glauconite raw (GL), indicated as GLACT1M, GLACT2M, GLACT3M, and GLACT4M. These samples were characterized using different analysis tools. The effects of starting concentration, adsorption time, adsorbent dosage, pH, temperature, and reusability on removal efficacy were all investigated. The data show that the CR removal efficiency increases with modification up to a 2 M NaOH activation, beyond which it begins to decrease. At 25 °C and pH 7, the CR removal efficiencies were ~77%, 72%, 80%, 34.5%, and 30.5% by GL, GLACT1M, GLACT2M, GLACT3M, and GLACT4M, respectively. Batch experiments were performed to explore both the kinetics and isotherms of CR adsorption to determine the impact of different experimental conditions accurately. Moreover, isotherm interpretations demonstrated that the Freundlich isotherm closely matches the experimental results. The pseudo-second-order model clearly explains the obtained results (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.998) from 5 to 25 ppm for GL, GLACT1M, GLACT2M, and GLACT3M, but GLACT4 is expressed by the Elovich model from 20 to 25 ppm. The reusability investigation revealed that the reusability of adsorbents could be achieved efficiently. The findings suggest that glauconite and its NaOH-activated forms can be employed as natural and affordable adsorbents for removing CR from textile effluent. |
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| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T11:19:19Z |
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| spelling | doaj.art-501c352d1a7d419699b75a86a168539d2023-11-10T15:15:13ZengMDPI AGWater2073-44412023-10-011521375310.3390/w15213753NaOH-Activated Natural Glauconite for Low-Cost Adsorption of Congo Red DyeAhmed Hamd0Doaa Salah1Huda Fadol Alyafei2Nofal K. Soliman3Ahmed A. M. El-Reedy4Ali M. Elzanaty5Sameerah I. Al-Saeedi6Azza Al-Ghamdi7Mohamed Shaban8Refat El-Sayed9Sayed A. Ahmed10Basic Science Department, Faculty of Oral and Dental Medicine, Nahda University, Beni Suef 62764, EgyptDepartment of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni Suef 62511, EgyptMath, Statistics and Physics Department, College of Art and Science, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, QatarBasic Science Department, Faculty of Oral and Dental Medicine, Nahda University, Beni Suef 62764, EgyptBasic Science Department, Faculty of Oral and Dental Medicine, Nahda University, Beni Suef 62764, EgyptDepartment of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni Suef 62511, EgyptDepartment of Chemistry, Collage of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Chemistry, College of Science, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Physics, Faculty of Science, Islamic University of Madinah, P.O. Box 170, Madinah 42351, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Chemistry, University College in Al-Jamoum, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni Suef 62511, EgyptTo explore the adsorption of Congo red (CR) dye from textile effluent, natural clay glauconite was employed as a sustainable and inexpensive adsorbent. The effects of varying concentrations of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) on glauconite alteration were examined. Furthermore, this research focuses on the optimal NaOH concentration that improves removal efficiency and adsorption capacity. Thus, four NaOH solutions of concentrations ranging from 1 M to 4 M were used to activate glauconite raw (GL), indicated as GLACT1M, GLACT2M, GLACT3M, and GLACT4M. These samples were characterized using different analysis tools. The effects of starting concentration, adsorption time, adsorbent dosage, pH, temperature, and reusability on removal efficacy were all investigated. The data show that the CR removal efficiency increases with modification up to a 2 M NaOH activation, beyond which it begins to decrease. At 25 °C and pH 7, the CR removal efficiencies were ~77%, 72%, 80%, 34.5%, and 30.5% by GL, GLACT1M, GLACT2M, GLACT3M, and GLACT4M, respectively. Batch experiments were performed to explore both the kinetics and isotherms of CR adsorption to determine the impact of different experimental conditions accurately. Moreover, isotherm interpretations demonstrated that the Freundlich isotherm closely matches the experimental results. The pseudo-second-order model clearly explains the obtained results (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.998) from 5 to 25 ppm for GL, GLACT1M, GLACT2M, and GLACT3M, but GLACT4 is expressed by the Elovich model from 20 to 25 ppm. The reusability investigation revealed that the reusability of adsorbents could be achieved efficiently. The findings suggest that glauconite and its NaOH-activated forms can be employed as natural and affordable adsorbents for removing CR from textile effluent.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/15/21/3753natural glauconiteNaOHadsorptionCongo Red Dyekineticsisotherms |
| spellingShingle | Ahmed Hamd Doaa Salah Huda Fadol Alyafei Nofal K. Soliman Ahmed A. M. El-Reedy Ali M. Elzanaty Sameerah I. Al-Saeedi Azza Al-Ghamdi Mohamed Shaban Refat El-Sayed Sayed A. Ahmed NaOH-Activated Natural Glauconite for Low-Cost Adsorption of Congo Red Dye Water natural glauconite NaOH adsorption Congo Red Dye kinetics isotherms |
| title | NaOH-Activated Natural Glauconite for Low-Cost Adsorption of Congo Red Dye |
| title_full | NaOH-Activated Natural Glauconite for Low-Cost Adsorption of Congo Red Dye |
| title_fullStr | NaOH-Activated Natural Glauconite for Low-Cost Adsorption of Congo Red Dye |
| title_full_unstemmed | NaOH-Activated Natural Glauconite for Low-Cost Adsorption of Congo Red Dye |
| title_short | NaOH-Activated Natural Glauconite for Low-Cost Adsorption of Congo Red Dye |
| title_sort | naoh activated natural glauconite for low cost adsorption of congo red dye |
| topic | natural glauconite NaOH adsorption Congo Red Dye kinetics isotherms |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/15/21/3753 |
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