How to Minimize the Environmental Contamination Caused by Hydrocarbon Releases by Onshore Pipelines: The Key Role of a Three-Dimensional Three-Phase Fluid Flow Numerical Model
The contamination impact and the migration of the contaminant into the surrounding environment due to the presence of a spilled oil pipeline will cause significant damage to the natural ecosystem. For this reason, developing a rapid response strategy that might include accurate predictions of oil mi...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2023-05-01
|
| Series: | Water |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/15/10/1900 |
| _version_ | 1797598009337315328 |
|---|---|
| author | Alessandra Feo Riccardo Pinardi Emanuele Scanferla Fulvio Celico |
| author_facet | Alessandra Feo Riccardo Pinardi Emanuele Scanferla Fulvio Celico |
| author_sort | Alessandra Feo |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The contamination impact and the migration of the contaminant into the surrounding environment due to the presence of a spilled oil pipeline will cause significant damage to the natural ecosystem. For this reason, developing a rapid response strategy that might include accurate predictions of oil migration trajectories from numerical simulation modeling is decisive. This paper uses a three-dimensional model based on a high-resolution shock-capturing conservative method to resolve the nonlinear governing partial differential equations of the migration of a spilled light nonaqueous liquid oil contaminant in a variably saturated zone employed to investigate the migration of the oil pipeline leakage with great accuracy. The effects of the oil type density, gasoline, and diesel oil, the unsaturated zone depth, its saturation, the hydraulic gradient, and the pressure oil pipeline are investigated through the temporal evolution of the contaminant migration following the saturation profiles of the three-phase fluid flow in the variably saturated zone. The calculation results indicate that the leaking oil’s pressure is the parameter that significantly affects the contaminants’ arrival time at the groundwater table. Additionally, the water saturation of the unsaturated zone influences the arrival time, as the water saturation increases at a fixed depth. The unsaturated zone depth significantly influences the contaminant migration in the unsaturated zone. At the same time, the oil density and the hydraulic gradient have limited effects on the contaminant migration in the variably saturated zone. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T03:13:20Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-501e2253113642ea9dede4e039c048fb |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4441 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T03:13:20Z |
| publishDate | 2023-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Water |
| spelling | doaj.art-501e2253113642ea9dede4e039c048fb2023-11-18T03:42:05ZengMDPI AGWater2073-44412023-05-011510190010.3390/w15101900How to Minimize the Environmental Contamination Caused by Hydrocarbon Releases by Onshore Pipelines: The Key Role of a Three-Dimensional Three-Phase Fluid Flow Numerical ModelAlessandra Feo0Riccardo Pinardi1Emanuele Scanferla2Fulvio Celico3Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, 43124 Parma, ItalyDepartment of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, 43124 Parma, ItalyDepartment of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, 43124 Parma, ItalyDepartment of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, 43124 Parma, ItalyThe contamination impact and the migration of the contaminant into the surrounding environment due to the presence of a spilled oil pipeline will cause significant damage to the natural ecosystem. For this reason, developing a rapid response strategy that might include accurate predictions of oil migration trajectories from numerical simulation modeling is decisive. This paper uses a three-dimensional model based on a high-resolution shock-capturing conservative method to resolve the nonlinear governing partial differential equations of the migration of a spilled light nonaqueous liquid oil contaminant in a variably saturated zone employed to investigate the migration of the oil pipeline leakage with great accuracy. The effects of the oil type density, gasoline, and diesel oil, the unsaturated zone depth, its saturation, the hydraulic gradient, and the pressure oil pipeline are investigated through the temporal evolution of the contaminant migration following the saturation profiles of the three-phase fluid flow in the variably saturated zone. The calculation results indicate that the leaking oil’s pressure is the parameter that significantly affects the contaminants’ arrival time at the groundwater table. Additionally, the water saturation of the unsaturated zone influences the arrival time, as the water saturation increases at a fixed depth. The unsaturated zone depth significantly influences the contaminant migration in the unsaturated zone. At the same time, the oil density and the hydraulic gradient have limited effects on the contaminant migration in the variably saturated zone.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/15/10/1900oil spilloil migrationonshore pipelinesgroundwater contaminationhigh-resolution shock-capturing methods |
| spellingShingle | Alessandra Feo Riccardo Pinardi Emanuele Scanferla Fulvio Celico How to Minimize the Environmental Contamination Caused by Hydrocarbon Releases by Onshore Pipelines: The Key Role of a Three-Dimensional Three-Phase Fluid Flow Numerical Model Water oil spill oil migration onshore pipelines groundwater contamination high-resolution shock-capturing methods |
| title | How to Minimize the Environmental Contamination Caused by Hydrocarbon Releases by Onshore Pipelines: The Key Role of a Three-Dimensional Three-Phase Fluid Flow Numerical Model |
| title_full | How to Minimize the Environmental Contamination Caused by Hydrocarbon Releases by Onshore Pipelines: The Key Role of a Three-Dimensional Three-Phase Fluid Flow Numerical Model |
| title_fullStr | How to Minimize the Environmental Contamination Caused by Hydrocarbon Releases by Onshore Pipelines: The Key Role of a Three-Dimensional Three-Phase Fluid Flow Numerical Model |
| title_full_unstemmed | How to Minimize the Environmental Contamination Caused by Hydrocarbon Releases by Onshore Pipelines: The Key Role of a Three-Dimensional Three-Phase Fluid Flow Numerical Model |
| title_short | How to Minimize the Environmental Contamination Caused by Hydrocarbon Releases by Onshore Pipelines: The Key Role of a Three-Dimensional Three-Phase Fluid Flow Numerical Model |
| title_sort | how to minimize the environmental contamination caused by hydrocarbon releases by onshore pipelines the key role of a three dimensional three phase fluid flow numerical model |
| topic | oil spill oil migration onshore pipelines groundwater contamination high-resolution shock-capturing methods |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/15/10/1900 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT alessandrafeo howtominimizetheenvironmentalcontaminationcausedbyhydrocarbonreleasesbyonshorepipelinesthekeyroleofathreedimensionalthreephasefluidflownumericalmodel AT riccardopinardi howtominimizetheenvironmentalcontaminationcausedbyhydrocarbonreleasesbyonshorepipelinesthekeyroleofathreedimensionalthreephasefluidflownumericalmodel AT emanuelescanferla howtominimizetheenvironmentalcontaminationcausedbyhydrocarbonreleasesbyonshorepipelinesthekeyroleofathreedimensionalthreephasefluidflownumericalmodel AT fulviocelico howtominimizetheenvironmentalcontaminationcausedbyhydrocarbonreleasesbyonshorepipelinesthekeyroleofathreedimensionalthreephasefluidflownumericalmodel |