Molecular Characterization, Expression Profiles of <i>SMAD4</i>, <i>SMAD5</i> and <i>SMAD7</i> Genes and Lack of Association with Litter Size in Tibetan Sheep
SMAD4, SMAD5 and SMAD7 belonging to the transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) superfamily are indispensable for oocyte formation and development, ovarian organogenesis and folliculogenesis. However, only a few studies have investigated the characteristics of <i>SMAD4</i>, <i>SMAD5&l...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2022-08-01
|
| Series: | Animals |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/12/17/2232 |
| _version_ | 1827667281119805440 |
|---|---|
| author | Ruizhe Sun Mingming Li Na He Xiaocheng Wen Junxia Zhang |
| author_facet | Ruizhe Sun Mingming Li Na He Xiaocheng Wen Junxia Zhang |
| author_sort | Ruizhe Sun |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | SMAD4, SMAD5 and SMAD7 belonging to the transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) superfamily are indispensable for oocyte formation and development, ovarian organogenesis and folliculogenesis. However, only a few studies have investigated the characteristics of <i>SMAD4</i>, <i>SMAD5</i> and <i>SMAD7</i> in Tibetan sheep and the effect of their polymorphism on litter size. In this study, we examined the expression of <i>SMAD4</i>, <i>SMAD5</i> and <i>SMAD7</i> in 13 tissues of Tibetan sheep by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Further, cDNA of these genes was cloned, sequenced and subjected to bioinformatics analysis. DNA sequencing was also used to detect single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). However, iM-LDR<sup>TM</sup> technology was used for SNP genotyping. Associations between polymorphisms and litter size were analyzed using data from genotyping of 433 Tibetan sheep. The results showed that the expression of <i>SMAD4</i>, <i>SMAD5</i> and <i>SMAD7</i> genes was ubiquitous in the tissues of Tibetan sheep, such as the ovary, uterus and oviduct, hypothalamus, hypophysis, heart, liver, spleen, lung, kidney, rumen, duodenum and <i>longissimus dorsi</i>. However, the expression was unbalanced and upregulated in the spleen, lung, ovary and uterus and downregulated in the <i>longissimus dorsi</i>. The bioinformatics analysis showed that <i>SMAD4</i>, <i>SMAD5</i> and <i>SMAD7</i> in Tibetan sheep encoded proteins of 533, 465 and 427 amino acids, respectively. Sequence homology analysis of the three proteins among other animals showed that the sequences of <i>SMAD4</i>, <i>SMAD5</i> and <i>SMAD7</i> of Tibetan sheep were similar to those in sheep, yak, cattle, dog, human, pig, chimpanzee, rhesus monkey and house mouse. Two synonymous mutations, g.51537A>G and g.319C>T, were detected in <i>SMAD5</i> and <i>SMAD7</i>, respectively. The associations of these SNPs and litter size were determined, and it was found that both g.51537A>G and g.319C>T have no significant effect on the litter size of Tibetan sheep. The results provided novel insights into the molecular characterization, expression profiles and polymorphisms of <i>SMAD4</i>, <i>SMAD5</i> and <i>SMAD7</i> in Tibetan sheep, but our results do not support associations between these genes and the litter size of Tibetan sheep. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T03:07:27Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-50203274ee8d48ae923a918cf6e412f7 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-2615 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T03:07:27Z |
| publishDate | 2022-08-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Animals |
| spelling | doaj.art-50203274ee8d48ae923a918cf6e412f72023-11-23T12:37:27ZengMDPI AGAnimals2076-26152022-08-011217223210.3390/ani12172232Molecular Characterization, Expression Profiles of <i>SMAD4</i>, <i>SMAD5</i> and <i>SMAD7</i> Genes and Lack of Association with Litter Size in Tibetan SheepRuizhe Sun0Mingming Li1Na He2Xiaocheng Wen3Junxia Zhang4College of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, ChinaCollege of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, ChinaCollege of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, ChinaCollege of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, ChinaCollege of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, ChinaSMAD4, SMAD5 and SMAD7 belonging to the transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) superfamily are indispensable for oocyte formation and development, ovarian organogenesis and folliculogenesis. However, only a few studies have investigated the characteristics of <i>SMAD4</i>, <i>SMAD5</i> and <i>SMAD7</i> in Tibetan sheep and the effect of their polymorphism on litter size. In this study, we examined the expression of <i>SMAD4</i>, <i>SMAD5</i> and <i>SMAD7</i> in 13 tissues of Tibetan sheep by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Further, cDNA of these genes was cloned, sequenced and subjected to bioinformatics analysis. DNA sequencing was also used to detect single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). However, iM-LDR<sup>TM</sup> technology was used for SNP genotyping. Associations between polymorphisms and litter size were analyzed using data from genotyping of 433 Tibetan sheep. The results showed that the expression of <i>SMAD4</i>, <i>SMAD5</i> and <i>SMAD7</i> genes was ubiquitous in the tissues of Tibetan sheep, such as the ovary, uterus and oviduct, hypothalamus, hypophysis, heart, liver, spleen, lung, kidney, rumen, duodenum and <i>longissimus dorsi</i>. However, the expression was unbalanced and upregulated in the spleen, lung, ovary and uterus and downregulated in the <i>longissimus dorsi</i>. The bioinformatics analysis showed that <i>SMAD4</i>, <i>SMAD5</i> and <i>SMAD7</i> in Tibetan sheep encoded proteins of 533, 465 and 427 amino acids, respectively. Sequence homology analysis of the three proteins among other animals showed that the sequences of <i>SMAD4</i>, <i>SMAD5</i> and <i>SMAD7</i> of Tibetan sheep were similar to those in sheep, yak, cattle, dog, human, pig, chimpanzee, rhesus monkey and house mouse. Two synonymous mutations, g.51537A>G and g.319C>T, were detected in <i>SMAD5</i> and <i>SMAD7</i>, respectively. The associations of these SNPs and litter size were determined, and it was found that both g.51537A>G and g.319C>T have no significant effect on the litter size of Tibetan sheep. The results provided novel insights into the molecular characterization, expression profiles and polymorphisms of <i>SMAD4</i>, <i>SMAD5</i> and <i>SMAD7</i> in Tibetan sheep, but our results do not support associations between these genes and the litter size of Tibetan sheep.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/12/17/2232<i>SMAD4</i><i>SMAD5</i><i>SMAD7</i>gene expressionlitter sizeTibetan sheep |
| spellingShingle | Ruizhe Sun Mingming Li Na He Xiaocheng Wen Junxia Zhang Molecular Characterization, Expression Profiles of <i>SMAD4</i>, <i>SMAD5</i> and <i>SMAD7</i> Genes and Lack of Association with Litter Size in Tibetan Sheep Animals <i>SMAD4</i> <i>SMAD5</i> <i>SMAD7</i> gene expression litter size Tibetan sheep |
| title | Molecular Characterization, Expression Profiles of <i>SMAD4</i>, <i>SMAD5</i> and <i>SMAD7</i> Genes and Lack of Association with Litter Size in Tibetan Sheep |
| title_full | Molecular Characterization, Expression Profiles of <i>SMAD4</i>, <i>SMAD5</i> and <i>SMAD7</i> Genes and Lack of Association with Litter Size in Tibetan Sheep |
| title_fullStr | Molecular Characterization, Expression Profiles of <i>SMAD4</i>, <i>SMAD5</i> and <i>SMAD7</i> Genes and Lack of Association with Litter Size in Tibetan Sheep |
| title_full_unstemmed | Molecular Characterization, Expression Profiles of <i>SMAD4</i>, <i>SMAD5</i> and <i>SMAD7</i> Genes and Lack of Association with Litter Size in Tibetan Sheep |
| title_short | Molecular Characterization, Expression Profiles of <i>SMAD4</i>, <i>SMAD5</i> and <i>SMAD7</i> Genes and Lack of Association with Litter Size in Tibetan Sheep |
| title_sort | molecular characterization expression profiles of i smad4 i i smad5 i and i smad7 i genes and lack of association with litter size in tibetan sheep |
| topic | <i>SMAD4</i> <i>SMAD5</i> <i>SMAD7</i> gene expression litter size Tibetan sheep |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/12/17/2232 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT ruizhesun molecularcharacterizationexpressionprofilesofismad4iismad5iandismad7igenesandlackofassociationwithlittersizeintibetansheep AT mingmingli molecularcharacterizationexpressionprofilesofismad4iismad5iandismad7igenesandlackofassociationwithlittersizeintibetansheep AT nahe molecularcharacterizationexpressionprofilesofismad4iismad5iandismad7igenesandlackofassociationwithlittersizeintibetansheep AT xiaochengwen molecularcharacterizationexpressionprofilesofismad4iismad5iandismad7igenesandlackofassociationwithlittersizeintibetansheep AT junxiazhang molecularcharacterizationexpressionprofilesofismad4iismad5iandismad7igenesandlackofassociationwithlittersizeintibetansheep |