Fecal and Urinary Adipokines as Disease Biomarkers
The use of biomarkers is of great clinical value for the diagnosis and prognosis of disease and the assessment of treatment efficacy. In this context, adipokines secreted from adipose tissue are of interest, as their elevated circulating levels are associated with a range of metabolic dysfunctions,...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-04-01
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| Series: | Biomedicines |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/11/4/1186 |
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| author | Hauke C. Tews Tanja Elger Thomas Grewal Simon Weidlich Francesco Vitali Christa Buechler |
| author_facet | Hauke C. Tews Tanja Elger Thomas Grewal Simon Weidlich Francesco Vitali Christa Buechler |
| author_sort | Hauke C. Tews |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The use of biomarkers is of great clinical value for the diagnosis and prognosis of disease and the assessment of treatment efficacy. In this context, adipokines secreted from adipose tissue are of interest, as their elevated circulating levels are associated with a range of metabolic dysfunctions, inflammation, renal and hepatic diseases and cancers. In addition to serum, adipokines can also be detected in the urine and feces, and current experimental evidence on the analysis of fecal and urinary adipokine levels points to their potential as disease biomarkers. This includes increased urinary adiponectin, lipocalin-2, leptin and interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels in renal diseases and an association of elevated urinary chemerin as well as urinary and fecal lipocalin-2 levels with active inflammatory bowel diseases. Urinary IL-6 levels are also upregulated in rheumatoid arthritis and may become an early marker for kidney transplant rejection, while fecal IL-6 levels are increased in decompensated liver cirrhosis and acute gastroenteritis. In addition, galectin-3 levels in urine and stool may emerge as a biomarker for several cancers. With the analysis of urine and feces from patients being cost-efficient and non-invasive, the identification and utilization of adipokine levels as urinary and fecal biomarkers could become a great advantage for disease diagnosis and predicting treatment outcomes. This review article highlights data on the abundance of selected adipokines in urine and feces, underscoring their potential to serve as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T05:12:56Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-502bc38712df4fae8b8b34ab35be9d1d |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2227-9059 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T05:12:56Z |
| publishDate | 2023-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Biomedicines |
| spelling | doaj.art-502bc38712df4fae8b8b34ab35be9d1d2023-11-17T18:27:43ZengMDPI AGBiomedicines2227-90592023-04-01114118610.3390/biomedicines11041186Fecal and Urinary Adipokines as Disease BiomarkersHauke C. Tews0Tanja Elger1Thomas Grewal2Simon Weidlich3Francesco Vitali4Christa Buechler5Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology, Rheumatology and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, GermanyDepartment of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology, Rheumatology and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, GermanySchool of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, AustraliaDepartment of Internal Medicine II, School of Medicine, University Hospital Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, 81675 Munich, GermanyDepartment of Medicine 1, Gastroenterology, Pneumology and Endocrinology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, GermanyDepartment of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology, Rheumatology and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, GermanyThe use of biomarkers is of great clinical value for the diagnosis and prognosis of disease and the assessment of treatment efficacy. In this context, adipokines secreted from adipose tissue are of interest, as their elevated circulating levels are associated with a range of metabolic dysfunctions, inflammation, renal and hepatic diseases and cancers. In addition to serum, adipokines can also be detected in the urine and feces, and current experimental evidence on the analysis of fecal and urinary adipokine levels points to their potential as disease biomarkers. This includes increased urinary adiponectin, lipocalin-2, leptin and interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels in renal diseases and an association of elevated urinary chemerin as well as urinary and fecal lipocalin-2 levels with active inflammatory bowel diseases. Urinary IL-6 levels are also upregulated in rheumatoid arthritis and may become an early marker for kidney transplant rejection, while fecal IL-6 levels are increased in decompensated liver cirrhosis and acute gastroenteritis. In addition, galectin-3 levels in urine and stool may emerge as a biomarker for several cancers. With the analysis of urine and feces from patients being cost-efficient and non-invasive, the identification and utilization of adipokine levels as urinary and fecal biomarkers could become a great advantage for disease diagnosis and predicting treatment outcomes. This review article highlights data on the abundance of selected adipokines in urine and feces, underscoring their potential to serve as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers.https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/11/4/1186adiponectinlipocalin-2leptingalectin-3chemerininterleukin-6 |
| spellingShingle | Hauke C. Tews Tanja Elger Thomas Grewal Simon Weidlich Francesco Vitali Christa Buechler Fecal and Urinary Adipokines as Disease Biomarkers Biomedicines adiponectin lipocalin-2 leptin galectin-3 chemerin interleukin-6 |
| title | Fecal and Urinary Adipokines as Disease Biomarkers |
| title_full | Fecal and Urinary Adipokines as Disease Biomarkers |
| title_fullStr | Fecal and Urinary Adipokines as Disease Biomarkers |
| title_full_unstemmed | Fecal and Urinary Adipokines as Disease Biomarkers |
| title_short | Fecal and Urinary Adipokines as Disease Biomarkers |
| title_sort | fecal and urinary adipokines as disease biomarkers |
| topic | adiponectin lipocalin-2 leptin galectin-3 chemerin interleukin-6 |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/11/4/1186 |
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