Numerical Investigations of a Non-Uniform Stator Dihedral Design Strategy for a Boundary Layer Ingestion (BLI) Fan
A distributed propulsion system has the advantage of saving 5–15% fuel burn through ingesting the fuselage boundary layer of an aircraft by fan or compressor. However, due to boundary layer ingestion (BLI), the fan stage will continuously operate under serious inlet distortion. This will lead to a c...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-08-01
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| Series: | Energies |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/15/16/5791 |
| _version_ | 1797445800236679168 |
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| author | Tianyu Pan Kaikai Shi Hanan Lu Zhiping Li Jian Zhang |
| author_facet | Tianyu Pan Kaikai Shi Hanan Lu Zhiping Li Jian Zhang |
| author_sort | Tianyu Pan |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | A distributed propulsion system has the advantage of saving 5–15% fuel burn through ingesting the fuselage boundary layer of an aircraft by fan or compressor. However, due to boundary layer ingestion (BLI), the fan stage will continuously operate under serious inlet distortion. This will lead to a circumferentially non-uniform flow separation distribution on the stator blade suction surface along the annulus, which significantly decreases the fan’s adiabatic efficiency. To solve this problem, a non-uniform stator dihedral design strategy has been developed to explore its potential of improving BLI fan performance. First, the stator full-annulus blade passages were divided into blade dihedral design regions and baseline design regions on the basis of the additional aerodynamic loss distributions caused by BLI inlet distortion. Then, to find the appropriate dihedral design parameters, the full-annulus BLI fan was discretized into several portions according to the rotor blade number and the dihedral design parameter investigations for dihedral depth and dihedral angle were conducted at the portion with the largest inflow distortion through a single-blade-passage computational model. The optimal combinational dihedral design parameter (dihedral depth 0.3, dihedral angle 6 deg) was applied to the blade passages with notable flow loss which were mainly located in the annulus positions from −120 to 60 degrees suffering from inlet distortion, while the blades in the low-loss annulus locations were unchanged. In this way, a non-uniform stator dihedral design scheme was achieved. In the end, the effectiveness of the non-uniform stator dihedral design was validated by analyzing the internal flow fields of the BLI fan. The results show that the stator dihedral design in distorted regions can increase the inlet axial velocity and reduce the aerodynamic load near the blade trailing edge, which are beneficial for suppressing the flow separations and reducing aerodynamic loss. Specifically, compared with the baseline design, the non-uniform stator dihedral design has achieved a reduction of aerodynamic loss of about 7.7%. The fan stage has presented an improvement of adiabatic efficiency of about 0.48% at the redesigned point without sacrificing the total pressure ratio. In the entire operating range, the redesigned fan has also shown a higher adiabatic efficiency than the baseline design with no reduction of the total pressure ratio, which provides a probable guideline for future BLI distortion-tolerant fan design. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T13:31:04Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-50303b28144b4054996b1259ebfc07d2 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1996-1073 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T13:31:04Z |
| publishDate | 2022-08-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Energies |
| spelling | doaj.art-50303b28144b4054996b1259ebfc07d22023-11-30T21:17:31ZengMDPI AGEnergies1996-10732022-08-011516579110.3390/en15165791Numerical Investigations of a Non-Uniform Stator Dihedral Design Strategy for a Boundary Layer Ingestion (BLI) FanTianyu Pan0Kaikai Shi1Hanan Lu2Zhiping Li3Jian Zhang4National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Aero-Engine Aero-Thermodynamics, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, ChinaNational Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Aero-Engine Aero-Thermodynamics, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, ChinaNational Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Aero-Engine Aero-Thermodynamics, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, ChinaNational Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Aero-Engine Aero-Thermodynamics, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, ChinaSchool of Energy and Power Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, ChinaA distributed propulsion system has the advantage of saving 5–15% fuel burn through ingesting the fuselage boundary layer of an aircraft by fan or compressor. However, due to boundary layer ingestion (BLI), the fan stage will continuously operate under serious inlet distortion. This will lead to a circumferentially non-uniform flow separation distribution on the stator blade suction surface along the annulus, which significantly decreases the fan’s adiabatic efficiency. To solve this problem, a non-uniform stator dihedral design strategy has been developed to explore its potential of improving BLI fan performance. First, the stator full-annulus blade passages were divided into blade dihedral design regions and baseline design regions on the basis of the additional aerodynamic loss distributions caused by BLI inlet distortion. Then, to find the appropriate dihedral design parameters, the full-annulus BLI fan was discretized into several portions according to the rotor blade number and the dihedral design parameter investigations for dihedral depth and dihedral angle were conducted at the portion with the largest inflow distortion through a single-blade-passage computational model. The optimal combinational dihedral design parameter (dihedral depth 0.3, dihedral angle 6 deg) was applied to the blade passages with notable flow loss which were mainly located in the annulus positions from −120 to 60 degrees suffering from inlet distortion, while the blades in the low-loss annulus locations were unchanged. In this way, a non-uniform stator dihedral design scheme was achieved. In the end, the effectiveness of the non-uniform stator dihedral design was validated by analyzing the internal flow fields of the BLI fan. The results show that the stator dihedral design in distorted regions can increase the inlet axial velocity and reduce the aerodynamic load near the blade trailing edge, which are beneficial for suppressing the flow separations and reducing aerodynamic loss. Specifically, compared with the baseline design, the non-uniform stator dihedral design has achieved a reduction of aerodynamic loss of about 7.7%. The fan stage has presented an improvement of adiabatic efficiency of about 0.48% at the redesigned point without sacrificing the total pressure ratio. In the entire operating range, the redesigned fan has also shown a higher adiabatic efficiency than the baseline design with no reduction of the total pressure ratio, which provides a probable guideline for future BLI distortion-tolerant fan design.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/15/16/5791boundary layer ingestionBLI faninlet distortionnon-uniform stator designdihedral bladeflow separation |
| spellingShingle | Tianyu Pan Kaikai Shi Hanan Lu Zhiping Li Jian Zhang Numerical Investigations of a Non-Uniform Stator Dihedral Design Strategy for a Boundary Layer Ingestion (BLI) Fan Energies boundary layer ingestion BLI fan inlet distortion non-uniform stator design dihedral blade flow separation |
| title | Numerical Investigations of a Non-Uniform Stator Dihedral Design Strategy for a Boundary Layer Ingestion (BLI) Fan |
| title_full | Numerical Investigations of a Non-Uniform Stator Dihedral Design Strategy for a Boundary Layer Ingestion (BLI) Fan |
| title_fullStr | Numerical Investigations of a Non-Uniform Stator Dihedral Design Strategy for a Boundary Layer Ingestion (BLI) Fan |
| title_full_unstemmed | Numerical Investigations of a Non-Uniform Stator Dihedral Design Strategy for a Boundary Layer Ingestion (BLI) Fan |
| title_short | Numerical Investigations of a Non-Uniform Stator Dihedral Design Strategy for a Boundary Layer Ingestion (BLI) Fan |
| title_sort | numerical investigations of a non uniform stator dihedral design strategy for a boundary layer ingestion bli fan |
| topic | boundary layer ingestion BLI fan inlet distortion non-uniform stator design dihedral blade flow separation |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/15/16/5791 |
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