Sex-Linked Loci on the W Chromosome in the Multi-Ocellated Racerunner (<i>Eremias multiocellata</i>) Confirm Genetic Sex-Determination Stability in Lacertid Lizards
The multi-ocellated racerunner, <i>Eremias multiocellata</i>, was considered to have temperature-dependent sex determination (TSD), as its sex ratio can be influenced at different temperatures. However, such an observation contrasts with recent findings that suggest TSD is less common th...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2023-07-01
|
| Series: | Animals |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/13/13/2180 |
| _version_ | 1797592194150825984 |
|---|---|
| author | Zhangqing Chu Ziwen Wang Yuchi Zheng Yun Xia Xianguang Guo |
| author_facet | Zhangqing Chu Ziwen Wang Yuchi Zheng Yun Xia Xianguang Guo |
| author_sort | Zhangqing Chu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The multi-ocellated racerunner, <i>Eremias multiocellata</i>, was considered to have temperature-dependent sex determination (TSD), as its sex ratio can be influenced at different temperatures. However, such an observation contrasts with recent findings that suggest TSD is less common than previously thought. Here, a genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) approach was employed to identify sex-linked markers in the <i>E. multiocellata</i>, for which the mechanism choice of TSD or GSD is still controversial. We preliminarily identified 119 sex-linked markers based on sex-associated sex-specific sequences, 97% of which indicated female heterogamety. After eliminating the false positives, 38 sex-linked markers were recognized, all of which showed the ZW/ZZ system. Then, eight of the novel markers were verified by PCR amplification from 15 populations of <i>E. multiocellata</i>, which support the GSD in <i>E. multiocellata</i> without geographic variation. To test the conservation of sex chromosome in <i>Eremias</i>, the eight markers were further cross-tested by PCR amplification in 10 individuals of the Mongolian racerunner (<i>Eremias argus</i>), two of which exhibited cross-utility. The novel sex-linked markers could be mapped on the W chromosome of the sand lizard (<i>Lacerta agilis</i>). Our finding that the sex-linked markers are shared in closely related species, along with a conserved synteny of the W chromosome, further supports the homology and conservation of sex chromosomes in the lacertid lizards. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T01:48:00Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-5038ceeb4e4c4d2f90bf970df5eab16d |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-2615 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T01:48:00Z |
| publishDate | 2023-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Animals |
| spelling | doaj.art-5038ceeb4e4c4d2f90bf970df5eab16d2023-11-18T16:04:10ZengMDPI AGAnimals2076-26152023-07-011313218010.3390/ani13132180Sex-Linked Loci on the W Chromosome in the Multi-Ocellated Racerunner (<i>Eremias multiocellata</i>) Confirm Genetic Sex-Determination Stability in Lacertid LizardsZhangqing Chu0Ziwen Wang1Yuchi Zheng2Yun Xia3Xianguang Guo4Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, ChinaChengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, ChinaChengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, ChinaChengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, ChinaChengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, ChinaThe multi-ocellated racerunner, <i>Eremias multiocellata</i>, was considered to have temperature-dependent sex determination (TSD), as its sex ratio can be influenced at different temperatures. However, such an observation contrasts with recent findings that suggest TSD is less common than previously thought. Here, a genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) approach was employed to identify sex-linked markers in the <i>E. multiocellata</i>, for which the mechanism choice of TSD or GSD is still controversial. We preliminarily identified 119 sex-linked markers based on sex-associated sex-specific sequences, 97% of which indicated female heterogamety. After eliminating the false positives, 38 sex-linked markers were recognized, all of which showed the ZW/ZZ system. Then, eight of the novel markers were verified by PCR amplification from 15 populations of <i>E. multiocellata</i>, which support the GSD in <i>E. multiocellata</i> without geographic variation. To test the conservation of sex chromosome in <i>Eremias</i>, the eight markers were further cross-tested by PCR amplification in 10 individuals of the Mongolian racerunner (<i>Eremias argus</i>), two of which exhibited cross-utility. The novel sex-linked markers could be mapped on the W chromosome of the sand lizard (<i>Lacerta agilis</i>). Our finding that the sex-linked markers are shared in closely related species, along with a conserved synteny of the W chromosome, further supports the homology and conservation of sex chromosomes in the lacertid lizards.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/13/13/2180GBSsex chromosomeslacertidhomologyconservation |
| spellingShingle | Zhangqing Chu Ziwen Wang Yuchi Zheng Yun Xia Xianguang Guo Sex-Linked Loci on the W Chromosome in the Multi-Ocellated Racerunner (<i>Eremias multiocellata</i>) Confirm Genetic Sex-Determination Stability in Lacertid Lizards Animals GBS sex chromosomes lacertid homology conservation |
| title | Sex-Linked Loci on the W Chromosome in the Multi-Ocellated Racerunner (<i>Eremias multiocellata</i>) Confirm Genetic Sex-Determination Stability in Lacertid Lizards |
| title_full | Sex-Linked Loci on the W Chromosome in the Multi-Ocellated Racerunner (<i>Eremias multiocellata</i>) Confirm Genetic Sex-Determination Stability in Lacertid Lizards |
| title_fullStr | Sex-Linked Loci on the W Chromosome in the Multi-Ocellated Racerunner (<i>Eremias multiocellata</i>) Confirm Genetic Sex-Determination Stability in Lacertid Lizards |
| title_full_unstemmed | Sex-Linked Loci on the W Chromosome in the Multi-Ocellated Racerunner (<i>Eremias multiocellata</i>) Confirm Genetic Sex-Determination Stability in Lacertid Lizards |
| title_short | Sex-Linked Loci on the W Chromosome in the Multi-Ocellated Racerunner (<i>Eremias multiocellata</i>) Confirm Genetic Sex-Determination Stability in Lacertid Lizards |
| title_sort | sex linked loci on the w chromosome in the multi ocellated racerunner i eremias multiocellata i confirm genetic sex determination stability in lacertid lizards |
| topic | GBS sex chromosomes lacertid homology conservation |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/13/13/2180 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT zhangqingchu sexlinkedlocionthewchromosomeinthemultiocellatedracerunnerieremiasmultiocellataiconfirmgeneticsexdeterminationstabilityinlacertidlizards AT ziwenwang sexlinkedlocionthewchromosomeinthemultiocellatedracerunnerieremiasmultiocellataiconfirmgeneticsexdeterminationstabilityinlacertidlizards AT yuchizheng sexlinkedlocionthewchromosomeinthemultiocellatedracerunnerieremiasmultiocellataiconfirmgeneticsexdeterminationstabilityinlacertidlizards AT yunxia sexlinkedlocionthewchromosomeinthemultiocellatedracerunnerieremiasmultiocellataiconfirmgeneticsexdeterminationstabilityinlacertidlizards AT xianguangguo sexlinkedlocionthewchromosomeinthemultiocellatedracerunnerieremiasmultiocellataiconfirmgeneticsexdeterminationstabilityinlacertidlizards |