Pregnancy Effect on Echocardiographic Parameters in Great Dane Bitches
Pregnancy is associated with adaptation of the left ventricular (LV) function. Due to differences between breeds in baseline echocardiographic values and specific predispositions for myocardial diseases, breed-specific echocardiographic parameters may be helpful to evaluate whether the systolic func...
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MDPI AG
2020-10-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/10/11/1992 |
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| author | Monica Melandri Ilaria Spalla Luca Fanciullo Salvatore Alonge |
| author_facet | Monica Melandri Ilaria Spalla Luca Fanciullo Salvatore Alonge |
| author_sort | Monica Melandri |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Pregnancy is associated with adaptation of the left ventricular (LV) function. Due to differences between breeds in baseline echocardiographic values and specific predispositions for myocardial diseases, breed-specific echocardiographic parameters may be helpful to evaluate whether the systolic function varies during pregnancy. This study enrolled nine healthy Great Dane bitches with uncomplicated pregnancy. Echocardiographic M-mode and B-mode data were collected before ovulation and within 7 days of the predicted parturition term. Evaluated parameters were: LV dimension in diastole (LVd) and systole (LVs), end-diastolic (EDVI) and end-systolic (ESVI) volumes indexed to body surface area (BSA), end-diastolic (EDV) and end-systolic (ESV), end-point-septal-separation (EPSS), left atrium to aortic root ratio (LA/Ao), sphericity index (SI), ejection fraction (EF), fractional shortening (FS), stroke volume (SV), heart rate (HR), and cardiac output (CO). The ANOVA showed a statistical effect of the age of gestation (<i>p</i> < 0.01) on the increase of diastolic dimensions and functional parameters and on the decrease of systolic dimensions. The CO increase parallels the rise in SV and HR (<i>p</i> < 0.01). No statistical differences were observed for EPSS, LA/Ao, and SI. The changes in cardiac chambers and function are likely to reflect maternal adaptation to allow the fetal development in uncomplicated pregnancy. The present study provides specific echocardiographic values in uncomplicated pregnancy of Great Danes, showing that the systolic function is enhanced and that the increase in preload, observed during gestation, is the likely mechanism. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T15:14:46Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-504b4402945c4dcbb6253813da49c12c |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-2615 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T15:14:46Z |
| publishDate | 2020-10-01 |
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| series | Animals |
| spelling | doaj.art-504b4402945c4dcbb6253813da49c12c2023-11-20T19:02:55ZengMDPI AGAnimals2076-26152020-10-011011199210.3390/ani10111992Pregnancy Effect on Echocardiographic Parameters in Great Dane BitchesMonica Melandri0Ilaria Spalla1Luca Fanciullo2Salvatore Alonge3Ambulatorio Veterinario “Il Melograno”, Sesto Calende, 21018 Varese, ItalyAmbulatorio Veterinario “Il Melograno”, Sesto Calende, 21018 Varese, ItalyAmbulatorio Veterinario “Il Melograno”, Sesto Calende, 21018 Varese, ItalyAmbulatorio Veterinario “Il Melograno”, Sesto Calende, 21018 Varese, ItalyPregnancy is associated with adaptation of the left ventricular (LV) function. Due to differences between breeds in baseline echocardiographic values and specific predispositions for myocardial diseases, breed-specific echocardiographic parameters may be helpful to evaluate whether the systolic function varies during pregnancy. This study enrolled nine healthy Great Dane bitches with uncomplicated pregnancy. Echocardiographic M-mode and B-mode data were collected before ovulation and within 7 days of the predicted parturition term. Evaluated parameters were: LV dimension in diastole (LVd) and systole (LVs), end-diastolic (EDVI) and end-systolic (ESVI) volumes indexed to body surface area (BSA), end-diastolic (EDV) and end-systolic (ESV), end-point-septal-separation (EPSS), left atrium to aortic root ratio (LA/Ao), sphericity index (SI), ejection fraction (EF), fractional shortening (FS), stroke volume (SV), heart rate (HR), and cardiac output (CO). The ANOVA showed a statistical effect of the age of gestation (<i>p</i> < 0.01) on the increase of diastolic dimensions and functional parameters and on the decrease of systolic dimensions. The CO increase parallels the rise in SV and HR (<i>p</i> < 0.01). No statistical differences were observed for EPSS, LA/Ao, and SI. The changes in cardiac chambers and function are likely to reflect maternal adaptation to allow the fetal development in uncomplicated pregnancy. The present study provides specific echocardiographic values in uncomplicated pregnancy of Great Danes, showing that the systolic function is enhanced and that the increase in preload, observed during gestation, is the likely mechanism.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/10/11/1992bitchcardiac functionechocardiographyGreat Danepregnancy |
| spellingShingle | Monica Melandri Ilaria Spalla Luca Fanciullo Salvatore Alonge Pregnancy Effect on Echocardiographic Parameters in Great Dane Bitches Animals bitch cardiac function echocardiography Great Dane pregnancy |
| title | Pregnancy Effect on Echocardiographic Parameters in Great Dane Bitches |
| title_full | Pregnancy Effect on Echocardiographic Parameters in Great Dane Bitches |
| title_fullStr | Pregnancy Effect on Echocardiographic Parameters in Great Dane Bitches |
| title_full_unstemmed | Pregnancy Effect on Echocardiographic Parameters in Great Dane Bitches |
| title_short | Pregnancy Effect on Echocardiographic Parameters in Great Dane Bitches |
| title_sort | pregnancy effect on echocardiographic parameters in great dane bitches |
| topic | bitch cardiac function echocardiography Great Dane pregnancy |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/10/11/1992 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT monicamelandri pregnancyeffectonechocardiographicparametersingreatdanebitches AT ilariaspalla pregnancyeffectonechocardiographicparametersingreatdanebitches AT lucafanciullo pregnancyeffectonechocardiographicparametersingreatdanebitches AT salvatorealonge pregnancyeffectonechocardiographicparametersingreatdanebitches |