Effects of Elevated Temperature on <i>Pisum sativum</i> Nodule Development: II—Phytohormonal Responses
High temperature is one of the most important factors limiting legume productivity. We have previously shown the induction of senescence in the apical part of nodules of the pea SGE line, formed by <i>Rhizobium leguminosarum</i> bv. <i>viciae</i> strain 3841, when they were e...
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MDPI AG
2023-12-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/23/17062 |
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| author | Anna B. Kitaeva Tatiana A. Serova Pyotr G. Kusakin Viktor E. Tsyganov |
| author_facet | Anna B. Kitaeva Tatiana A. Serova Pyotr G. Kusakin Viktor E. Tsyganov |
| author_sort | Anna B. Kitaeva |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | High temperature is one of the most important factors limiting legume productivity. We have previously shown the induction of senescence in the apical part of nodules of the pea SGE line, formed by <i>Rhizobium leguminosarum</i> bv. <i>viciae</i> strain 3841, when they were exposed to elevated temperature (28 °C). In this study, we analyzed the potential involvement of abscisic acid (ABA), ethylene, and gibberellins in apical senescence in pea nodules under elevated temperature. Immunolocalization revealed an increase in ABA and 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC, the precursor of ethylene biosynthesis) levels in cells of the nitrogen fixation zone in heat-stressed nodules in 1 day of exposure compared to heat-unstressed nodules. Both ABA and ethylene appear to be involved in the earliest responses of nodules to heat stress. A decrease in the gibberellic acid (GA<sub>3</sub>) level in heat-stressed nodules was observed. Exogenous GA<sub>3</sub> treatment induced a delay in the degradation of the nitrogen fixation zone in heat-stressed nodules. At the same time, a decrease in the expression level of many genes associated with nodule senescence, heat shock, and defense responses in pea nodules treated with GA<sub>3</sub> at an elevated temperature was detected. Therefore, apical senescence in heat-stressed nodules is regulated by phytohormones in a manner similar to natural senescence. Gibberellins can be considered as negative regulators, while ABA and ethylene can be considered positive regulators. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T01:48:48Z |
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| issn | 1661-6596 1422-0067 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T01:48:48Z |
| publishDate | 2023-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-504d7deacf134dc48a13bca31d222cd12023-12-08T15:18:14ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672023-12-0124231706210.3390/ijms242317062Effects of Elevated Temperature on <i>Pisum sativum</i> Nodule Development: II—Phytohormonal ResponsesAnna B. Kitaeva0Tatiana A. Serova1Pyotr G. Kusakin2Viktor E. Tsyganov3Laboratory of Molecular and Cell Biology, All-Russia Research Institute for Agricultural Microbiology, 196608 Saint Petersburg, RussiaLaboratory of Molecular and Cell Biology, All-Russia Research Institute for Agricultural Microbiology, 196608 Saint Petersburg, RussiaLaboratory of Molecular and Cell Biology, All-Russia Research Institute for Agricultural Microbiology, 196608 Saint Petersburg, RussiaLaboratory of Molecular and Cell Biology, All-Russia Research Institute for Agricultural Microbiology, 196608 Saint Petersburg, RussiaHigh temperature is one of the most important factors limiting legume productivity. We have previously shown the induction of senescence in the apical part of nodules of the pea SGE line, formed by <i>Rhizobium leguminosarum</i> bv. <i>viciae</i> strain 3841, when they were exposed to elevated temperature (28 °C). In this study, we analyzed the potential involvement of abscisic acid (ABA), ethylene, and gibberellins in apical senescence in pea nodules under elevated temperature. Immunolocalization revealed an increase in ABA and 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC, the precursor of ethylene biosynthesis) levels in cells of the nitrogen fixation zone in heat-stressed nodules in 1 day of exposure compared to heat-unstressed nodules. Both ABA and ethylene appear to be involved in the earliest responses of nodules to heat stress. A decrease in the gibberellic acid (GA<sub>3</sub>) level in heat-stressed nodules was observed. Exogenous GA<sub>3</sub> treatment induced a delay in the degradation of the nitrogen fixation zone in heat-stressed nodules. At the same time, a decrease in the expression level of many genes associated with nodule senescence, heat shock, and defense responses in pea nodules treated with GA<sub>3</sub> at an elevated temperature was detected. Therefore, apical senescence in heat-stressed nodules is regulated by phytohormones in a manner similar to natural senescence. Gibberellins can be considered as negative regulators, while ABA and ethylene can be considered positive regulators.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/23/17062abiotic stressheat stresslegume–rhizobial symbiosissymbiotic noduleabscisic acidethylene |
| spellingShingle | Anna B. Kitaeva Tatiana A. Serova Pyotr G. Kusakin Viktor E. Tsyganov Effects of Elevated Temperature on <i>Pisum sativum</i> Nodule Development: II—Phytohormonal Responses International Journal of Molecular Sciences abiotic stress heat stress legume–rhizobial symbiosis symbiotic nodule abscisic acid ethylene |
| title | Effects of Elevated Temperature on <i>Pisum sativum</i> Nodule Development: II—Phytohormonal Responses |
| title_full | Effects of Elevated Temperature on <i>Pisum sativum</i> Nodule Development: II—Phytohormonal Responses |
| title_fullStr | Effects of Elevated Temperature on <i>Pisum sativum</i> Nodule Development: II—Phytohormonal Responses |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effects of Elevated Temperature on <i>Pisum sativum</i> Nodule Development: II—Phytohormonal Responses |
| title_short | Effects of Elevated Temperature on <i>Pisum sativum</i> Nodule Development: II—Phytohormonal Responses |
| title_sort | effects of elevated temperature on i pisum sativum i nodule development ii phytohormonal responses |
| topic | abiotic stress heat stress legume–rhizobial symbiosis symbiotic nodule abscisic acid ethylene |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/23/17062 |
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